@article { author = {Ghasemi, Younes}, title = {The Viewpoint of IJMS New Editorial Board}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences (IJMS) has gone through some changes in its editorial body. As the new Editor-in-Chief of IJMS, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the previous Editorial Board members who are not with us anymore, for all their efforts regarding the continuity and improvement of IJMS. I would also like to thank the new Editorial Board for accepting such a demanding responsibility.}, keywords = {Editorial Board}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46183.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46183_a3b955a1c6ecb8b362364f5e93a00f4a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abolhasanpour, Nasrin and Hajebrahimi, Sakineh and Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas and Mehdipour, Ahmad and Salehi-Pourmehr, Hanieh}, title = {Urodynamic Parameters in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neurogenic Bladder Rats after Stem Cell Transplantation: A Narrative Review}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {2-15}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.45318}, abstract = {Neurogenic bladder (NGB) secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied with several complications such as urinary tract deterioration, urinary incontinence, and consequently lower quality of life (QoL), significant morbidities, and occasionally death. Current therapeutic methods have some side effects and there is no treatment for the upper urinary tract injuries. Stem cell therapy is a promising method for treating this condition. However, the best timing and the best route of its transplantation have not yet been determined. Animal models of SCI, especially in rats, are the most commonly used method for evaluating the efficacy of cell therapy in NGB improvement, and the most common assessment method is the urodynamic studies (UDS). However, there are variations in the range of UDS parameters among the published studies. The current review aimed to discuss the effect of stem cell transplantation on bladder dysfunction recovery based on urodynamic parameters after SCI in rats. For this purpose, the cell source, doses, the route of administration, and the complete UDS equipment and its parameters were summarized in SCI models in rats. In some urodynamic test results, to some extent, an improvement in the lower urinary system function was observed in each treatment group. However, this improvement was far from full functional recovery. The average cell dose was about 1 million cells in every injected site. In most studies, the stem cells (SCs) were transplanted 9 days after the injury using PE-50 and PE-60. Many researchers have recommended further experimental and clinical studies to confirm this treatment modality.}, keywords = {Urodynamic,Spinal cord injuries,Urinary bladder,Neurogenic,Stem cell transplantation}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45318.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45318_ac745cb76390be9a64fffb08590e782a.pdf} } @article { author = {Karami, Honeyeh and Karami, Khodabakhsh and Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif and Zahednejad, Shahla and Arastoo, Ali Asghar}, title = {The Physiological Cost Index and Some Kinematic Parameters of Walking and Jogging in Blind and Sighted Students}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.45386}, abstract = {Background: Vision plays an important role in supporting efficient locomotion. The present study aimed to measure the physiological cost index (PCI) and some kinematic parameters of preferred walking and jogging in blind and sighted students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among blind (n=18) and sighted (n=27) students aged 8-16 years. The following parameters were measured during a standard test procedure: step length (meter), cadence (steps/min), mean speed (meter/min), and the PCI of preferred walking (PCIW) and jogging (PCIJ) over a distance of 100 meters.Results: Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that the weight of an individual as well as the test duration were significant predictors of heart rate (HR) and PCI. Overall, the PCI (beats/meter) of sighted (PCIW=0.22±0.08 and PCIJ=0.24±0.07) and blind students (PCIW=0.27±0.07 and PCIJ=0.31±0.08) were significantly different (all P≤0.05). In addition, the speed of preferred walking (PW) in sighted students was significantly higher than that of the blind students (67±8 versus 62.8±9 m/min; all P≤0.05), while this difference was insignificant in jogging mode (105±9 versus 102±11 m/min). Conclusion: Although the blind students were familiar with the ambient environment and the walking route, they demonstrated a different pattern of PW and jogging modes with respect to kinematic parameters. We also demonstrated that the blind students spent more energy (i.e., PCI) to achieve a lower or equal gait kinematics compared to the sighted students.}, keywords = {Walking,Jogging,Students,Physiological cost index,Kinematic parameters}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45386.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45386_dd76e011d13fe65dbf05f8c1f610f00a.pdf} } @article { author = {Malekjamshidi, Mohammad Reza and Zandi, Hengameh and Eftekhar, Fereshteh}, title = {Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase and Integron Gene Carriage in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Species Isolated from Outpatients in Yazd, Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.45334}, abstract = {Background: Community-acquired infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella species (Klebsiella spp.) is of major concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and carbapenemases, as well as the presence of classes 1, 2, and 3 integrons in outpatient isolates of Klebsiella collected from Yazd central laboratory, Yazd, Iran.Methods: We collected 250 Klebsiella isolates from Yazd central laboratory between August 2015 and October 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined against 18 antibiotics by disc diffusion, and multidrug-resistant isolates were tested for ESBL production by the phenotypic confirmatory test according to CLSI 2017 protocols. The amplification of β-lactamase genes blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-48, blaKPC, and blaNDM, classes 1, 2, and 3 integrase genes, was carried out using specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Of the 250 Klebsiella outpatient isolates, 3.6% were K. oxytoca and the rest were K. pneumoniae. Disc diffusion showed that 21 (8.4%) isolates were MDR, 19 (90.4%) of which were ESBL producers including one K. oxytoca. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaSHV followed by blaTEM and blaCTX-M, but blaOXA-48, blaKPC, and blaNDM were not detected. Class 1 integron was detected in 18 out of 21 MDR isolates (85.7%), but classes 2 and 3 were not observed. Two isolates were resistant to carbapenems and harbored blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M, as well as class 1 integron. Conclusion: ESBL production and the presence of multiple β-lactamase genes in MDR community isolates of Klebsiella spp. can have significant implications in terms of the spread of these opportunistic pathogens.}, keywords = {Klebsiella,Outpatients,Integrons,Drug resistance, microbial}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45334.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45334_4c34d4d4a9696a0baa80a5fa0969797e.pdf} } @article { author = {Farzad, Parisa and Rahimi, Reza and Ebrahimi, Soltan Ahmad and Aghajani, Frough and Mousavi, Zahra and Najafizadeh, Parvaneh}, title = {The Effect of Voluntary Exercise and Prenatal Exposure to Sodium Valproate on Learning, Memory, and Anxiety of Rats’ Offspring}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {32-40}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.45314}, abstract = {Background: Antiepileptic drugs, such as sodium valproate (SV), are teratogenic as their usage by the pregnant mother has been associated with an increased risk of major congenital abnormalities in the fetus. In this study, the effects of voluntary exercise and prenatal exposure to SV on learning, memory, and anxiety in rats’ offspring are investigated.Methods: In the present study, 70 female albino Wistar rats (200-240g) were used. The rats were categorized in seven groups: 1 and 2, pregnant rats with exposure to SV (10 mg/kg/day i.p) 3 and 4, pregnant rats with exposure to SV (20 mg/kg/day i.p) 5 and 6, pregnant rats with exposure to normal saline (0.4 ml/day i.p) and 7, pregnant rats with exposure to lamotrigine (20 mg/kg/day i.p). The even and odd groups were sedentary and voluntary exercise groups, respectively. Learning and memory were tested in male offspring using shuttle-box; anxiety was tested by elevated plus-maze (each group n=12). Statistical analyses were performed using the one-way ANOVA (the Tukey test) and/or two-way ANOVA on rank.Results: The results showed that voluntary exercise in male rats caused improvement of latency and duration time in the dark box compared to sedentary groups (P=0.004). Moreover, the group administrated with 10 mg/kg SV showed better learning capability than the group administrated with 20 mg/kg SV. Voluntary exercise could also improve anxiety (P=0.001).Conclusion: This study indicated that exercise could increase learning capacity and improve memories in rats’ offspring whose mothers were exposed to SV. Voluntary exercise could improve anxiety too, and the effect was dose-dependent.}, keywords = {Exercise,Valproate sodium,Epilepsy,Pregnancy}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45314.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45314_bea9b61e1f3c2410278642c82556671f.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalili, Azadeh and Alipour, Shohreh and Fathalipour, Mohammad and Purkhosrow, Azar and Mashghoolozekr, Elaheh and Bayat, Gholamreza and Nekooeian, Ali Akbar}, title = {Liposomal and Non-Liposomal Formulations of Vitamin C: Comparison of the Antihypertensive and Vascular Modifying Activity in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {41-49}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.45310}, abstract = {Background: Liposomes constitute a promising drug delivery vehicle, and are believed to improve drugs’ effectiveness. This study was aimed to compare antihypertensive and vascular modifying activities of liposomal and non-liposomal forms of ascorbic acid. Methods: Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=7): A sham vehicle-receiving (Sham-veh), hypertensive (HTN), vehicle-receiving hypertensive (HTN-Veh), two liposomal Ascorbic acid-treated hypertensive at 50 or 100 mg/kg/day (LVC-50 and LVC-100), and two non-liposomal Ascorbic acid-treated hypertensive at 50 or 100 mg/kg/day (VC-50 and VC-100). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly; after 4 weeks, dose-responses to phenylephrine (PE) in the absence and presence of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), acetylcholine (Ach), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained on aortic rings. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test at a P value of Results: Compared to the non-liposomal form, the liposomal one was associated with more prominent effects on the final SBP. Both forms of Ascorbic acid decreased SBP dose-dependently. The basal and stimulated release of Nitric Oxide (NO) was significantly recovered by both forms of Ascorbic acid. The PE maximal responses were not significantly different between the liposomal and non-liposomal groups (P=0.08). Although the Emax of Ach-relaxation response was not different in two preparation forms, Ach-relaxation response induced a lower concentration of the liposomal form of Ascorbic acid (P=0.03)Conclusion: The liposomal Ascorbic acid exhibited relaxation activity in significantly lower concentrations. The observed effects were partly mediated by the increased basal release of NO.}, keywords = {liposomes,Ascorbic Acid,Rats,Hypertension,Nitric oxide}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45310.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45310_5927e07fac2aaca5d65ac1c6a5aacc67.pdf} } @article { author = {Afshar, Saeid and Sedighi Pashaki, Abdolazim and Najafi, Rezvan and Nikzad, Safoora and Amini, Razieh and Shabab, Nooshin and Khiabanchian, Omid and Tanzadehpanah, Hamid and Saidijam, Massoud}, title = {Cross-Resistance of Acquired Radioresistant Colorectal Cancer Cell Line to gefitinib and regorafenib}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {50-58}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.44972}, abstract = {Background: Usually, chemoradiotherapy can be used for the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) before surgery. On the other hand, some studies have shown that fractional radiation of tumor cells leads to chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemoresistance of radioresistant sub-line (RR sub-line).Methods: This study was done in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018. MTT assay and sub-G1 fraction analysis by flow cytometry were used to evaluate cross-resistance of RR sub-line to gefitinib and regorafenib. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the role of four miRNAs and their target genes in the cross-resistance of RR sub-line. The t test and repeated measures test were used for the assessment of statistical significance between groups.Results: The IC50 of gefitinib and regorafenib for RR sub-line were significantly higher than those of the parental cell line. On the other hand, the resistance index of RR sub-line for gefitinib and regorafenib were 1.92 and 1.44, respectively. The sub-G1 fraction of RR sub-line following treatment with gefitinib and regorafenib was significantly lower than that of the parental cell line (P=0.012 and P=0.038, respectively). The expression of miR-9, Let-7e, and Let-7b in RRsub-line was significantly lower than that of the parental cell line. However, NRAS, IGF1R, NFKB1, and CCND1 found to be upregulated in RR sub-line in comparison with the parental cell line.Conclusion: We can conclude that the acquired RR sub-line was cross-resistance to gefitinib and regorafenib. Furthermore, miR-9/NFKB1, let-7b/CCND1, let-7e/NRAS, and IGF1R played essential roles in the chemoradioresistance of CRC.}, keywords = {Colorectal neoplasms,Drug Resistance,MicroRNAs,Gefitinib,Regorafenib}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44972.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44972_b8b7095573e2d6ef457ee92c488f75e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahmani, Shokofeh and Saberzadeh, Jamileh and Takhshid, Mohammad Ali}, title = {The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Protects PC12 Cells against Aluminum-Induced Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in Vitro}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {59-66}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.44971}, abstract = {Background: Aluminum (Al) exposure is among the environmental risk factors that may involve in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the Al-induced toxicity. Saffron is a plant with potent radical scavenging and anti-oxidative properties. This investigation was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of saffron extract (SE) on aluminum maltolate (Almal)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cell line. Methods: In this in vitro study, PC12 cells were divided into four groups including control, Almal (500 µM), Almal+SE (50 μg/ml), and Almal+SE (100 μg/ml). After 48 hours of treatment with Almal in the absence and presence of SE, cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and Annexin V flow cytometry, respectively. Catalase activity was determined as an index of oxidative stress. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (SPSS version 16.0). PResults: Almal decreased the PC12 cells viability dose-dependently (IC50=500µM). Co-treatment of 50 and 100 μg/ml of SE with 500 µM of Al increased cell viability to 79% (P=0.04) and 86% (P=0.02) of the control group, respectively. Al also increased PC12 cells apoptosis and catalase activity to 37 and 2.7 folds of those of the control group (PConclusion: SE has protective effects against Al-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress and may possess therapeutic values in the treatment of Al-neurotoxicity.}, keywords = {Aluminum maltolate,Crocus,PC12 cells,apoptosis,Oxidative stress}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44971.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44971_dca6bf11a2b458c0166e4b90f0f4bea1.pdf} } @article { author = {Tabibkhooei, Alireza and Fattahi, Arash and Rostami, Ali}, title = {A Large Solitary Hemangioblastoma of the Lateral Ventricles: A Case Report and Literature Review}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {67-72}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.81095.}, abstract = {Hemangioblastoma (HB) in the supratentorial region of the brain is rare and only a few cases are reported on intraventricular HB. HB of the lateral ventricles is even rarer. We present a case of a 30-year-old man with generalized tonic clonic seizures. The brain computed tomography showed a 5.5 cm heterogeneous mass extending into both lateral ventricles with partial enhancement. Based on the size and imaging features, we present the fourth documented case of a large solitary intraventricular HB. Our approach to this unique case and some treatment complexities are also described.Considering the rarity of the case and the patient’s imaging features, the present study provides a better understanding of HB and recommends HB to be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses in the lateral ventricles. In addition, some preventable pitfalls in the treatment of such complex cases are described.}, keywords = {Hemangioblastoma,Solitary,Lateral ventricle,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Hydrocephalus,Seizure}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46181.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46181_af4086c20e1b329c12f113bb839c3211.pdf} } @article { author = {Saberi, Narjes and Gholipour, Farshad}, title = {Extensive Labial Adhesion Causing Voiding Urinary Symptoms in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {73-75}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2019.81954.}, abstract = {Labial adhesion (LA) is a rare clinical entity in postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency and lack of sexual activity are probable contributing causes. Voiding dysfunction due to LA is even rarer in postmenopausal women, and only a few studies have previously reported such occurrence. A 62-year-old virgin postmenopausal woman presented to the Al-Zahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) with a 5-year history of voiding dysfunction and recurrent urinary tract infection. Despite multiple medical visits, no genital examination was ever performed by a medical practitioner, mainly due to the patient’s refusal to be examined by a male physician. On physical examination, we observed extensive LA with only a small opening. Surgical separation of the labia was performed and subsequently, the urinary tract symptoms were completely resolved. Herein, we present a case of LA causing urinary problems in a virgin postmenopausal woman. The case underlines the importance of the genital examination of female patients with urinary tract symptoms.}, keywords = {Female genitalia,Urinary Tract Infection,Physical examination,Postmenopause,Lower urinary tract symptoms}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46182.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_46182_0a89d17ea6f8432770eff857da06b2f5.pdf} }