Shiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake in the Form of Dietary Supplement or Enriched Food on C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Humans: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis3593734494910.30476/ijms.2019.44949ENSeyedeh-MasomehDerakhshandeh-RishehriDepartment of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran;0000-0002-3936-1490Ali RezaRahbarDepartment of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran;0000-0002-2928-9165AfshinOstovarDepartment of Epidemiology, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranJournal Article20171015Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) play essential roles in cardiovascular disease incidence. This study aimed to review the association between the intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the form of dietary supplement or enriched food with different treatment durations and the levels of Lp(a) and CRP in human studies.<br />Methods: All the articles published in Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar from November 2014 to October 2015 were searched and the clinical trials on the effects of CLA on Lp(a) and CRP levels were assessed. Of the 2249 articles initially retrieved, 21 eligible randomized clinical trials were enrolled in this systematic review. The publication dates of the eligible articles ranged from 2005 to 2013. The mean difference and the standard deviation of changes in CRP and Lp(a) levels in intervention and control groups were used as effect-size measures for meta-analysis. The obtained data from the eligible randomized controlled trials were meta-analyzed using Stata, version 13.<br />Results: The intake of CLA as a dietary supplement led to a significant increase in CRP levels (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.54; P=0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the duration of CLA consumption showed that CLA consumption more than 24 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the levels of CRP (SMD=0.52, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.68; P=0.001) and Lp(a) (SMD=0.24, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.47; P=0.04). <br />Conclusion: The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the long-term consumption of CLA increases the levels of CRP and Lp(a).https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44949_a4db3b40d348ab68a841e0068d46b1a7.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901The Correlation between Trabecular Bone Score and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Normal and High Body Mass Index3743814541310.30476/ijms.2019.45413ENAlirezaRajaeiDepartment of Rheumatology, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4958-1638AliAmiriGeneral Physician, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8602-9052FaranehFarsadDepartment of Rheumatology, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPoonehDehghanDepartment of Radiology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5077-4627Journal Article20171118Background: Trabecular bone score (TBS) measures the underlying quality of bone texture using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS, and subsequently determine whether the association varies with the body mass index (BMI). <br />Methods: Data from 548 patients were collected and categorized into three groups according to the relationship between BMD and age. BMD of the lumbar spine (LS) using DXA and TBS from DXA images were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (SPSS software, version 24.0) was used to investigate the association between LS-BMD and TBS, as well as the effect of BMI and age on these parameters. PResults: The total mean TBS was 1.31±0.12. LS-BMD and TBS values significantly decreased with age in both sexes. A statistically significant correlation was found between TBS and LS-BMD (r=0.601). An increase in BMI was associated with a higher LS-BMD score and a lower TBS level. The correlation coefficient between LS-BMD and TBS reduced as the BMI increased. By comparing TBS with BMD, the majority of the patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis had fully degraded and partially degraded TBS, respectively.<br />Conclusion: TBS was positively correlated with LS-BMD and decreased with age. Moreover, the extent of the correlation varied with respect to BMI.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45413_202ade5052edf960d4c76d0ef7efda93.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Correlation between Auditory Spectral Resolution and Speech Perception in Children with Cochlear Implants3823894496710.30476/ijms.2019.44967ENZahraJeddiDepartment of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8939-0361YounesLotfiDepartment of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8563-312XAbdollahMoossaviDepartment of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEnayatollahBakhshiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed BasirHashemiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Khalili Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20180303Background: Variability in speech performance is a major concern for children with cochlear implants (CIs). Spectral resolution is an important acoustic component in speech perception. Considerable variability and limitations of spectral resolution in children with CIs may lead to individual differences in speech performance. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between auditory spectral resolution and speech perception in pediatric CI users.<br />Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, in 2017. The frequency discrimination threshold (FDT) and the spectral-temporal modulated ripple discrimination threshold (SMRT) were measured for 75 pre-lingual hearing-impaired children with CIs (age=8–12 y). Word recognition and sentence perception tests were completed to assess speech perception. The Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between the variables and to determine the predictive variables of speech perception, respectively.<br />Results: There was a significant correlation between the SMRT and word recognition (r=0.573 and P<0.001). The FDT was significantly correlated with word recognition (r=0.487 and P<0.001). Sentence perception had a significant correlation with the SMRT and the FDT. There was a significant correlation between chronological age and age at implantation with SMRT but not the FDT.<br />Conclusion: Auditory spectral resolution correlated well with speech perception among our children with CIs. Spectral resolution ability accounted for approximately 40% of the variance in speech perception among the children with CIs.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44967_6f52428a1f32f4fc1f39361f6f4657d0.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901The Responsiveness of the Persian Version of Neck Disability Index and Functional Rating Index Following Physiotherapy Intervention in People with Chronic Neck Pain3903964496310.30476/ijms.2019.44963ENRezaSalehiMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6793-7293HosseinNegahbanDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; and Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNajmehSaghayezhianMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-0202-3033MaryamSaadatMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-8337-0976Journal Article20171117Background: Clinicians and researchers commonly use responsive outcome measures to interpret changes in a patient's condition as a result of an intervention. This study was conducted to assess the ability of the Persian version of Neck Disability Index and Functional Rating Index to detect responsiveness in the patients with neck pain.Methods: A diagnostic accuracy study was done in Ahvaz, Iran, 2016. A convenience sample of 57 Persian-speaking patients with non-specific chronic neck pain completed the Neck Disability Index and the Functional Rating Index at the beginning and after physiotherapy intervention. The responsiveness was investigated by the receiver operating characteristics method and the correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version 21), with a Phttps://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44963_8d7951dd3c045fd753bf641589c5bb14.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901An Experimental Study on Spinal Cord µ-Opioid and α2-Adrenergic Receptors mRNA Expression Following Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia in Male Rats3974054495810.30476/ijms.2019.44958ENAsefHormoziDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-5473-1819AsadollahZarifkarDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; and Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; and Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-2684-6712BaharRostamiDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranFakhraddinNaghibalhossainiDepartment of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran; and Autoimmune Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20171211Background: Intense stress can change pain perception and induce hyperalgesia; a phenomenon called stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). However, the neurobiological mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the spinal cord µ-opioid receptors (MOR) and α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-AR) on pain sensation in rats with SIH. Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into two groups (n=9 per group), namely the control and stress group. The stress group was evoked by random 1-hour daily foot-shock stress (0.8 mA for 10 seconds, 1 minute apart) for 3 weeks using a communication box. The tail-flick and formalin tests were performed in both groups on day 22. The real-time RT-PCR technique was used to observe MOR and α2-AR mRNA levels at the L4-L5 lumbar spinal cord. Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 5 software (San Diego, CA, USA). Student’s t test was applied for comparisons between the groups. Phttps://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44958_ac7d093315d84cab289c5a2d31643f9d.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Overexpression of Mitochondrial Genes (Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1) in Mouse Metaphase II Oocytes following Vitrification via Cryotop4064144496010.30476/ijms.2019.44960ENNaeimehDehghaniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran; and Department of Biology, College of Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran000-0003-4939-818XMehdiDianatpourStem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-1217-9477Seyed EbrahimHosseiniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran;ZahraKhodabandehStem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranHamedDaneshpazhouhDepartment of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180101Background: Gamete cryopreservation is an inseparable part of assisted reproductive technology, and vitrification is an effective approach to the cryopreservation of oocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate vitrification effects on the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) in mouse metaphase II oocytes.Methods: Oocytes were selected by simple random sampling and distributed amongst five experimental groups (control [n=126], docetaxel [n=132], docetaxel+cryoprotectant agent [CPA] [n=134], docetaxel+vitrification [n=132], and vitrification [n=123]). After the warming process, the oocytes were fertilized and cultured into a 2-cell stage. Then, the effects of vitrification on the expression of the Tfam and Cox1 genes were determined via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Each group was compared with the control group. The data were analyzed with ANOVA using GraphPad and SPSS, version 21.Results: A significant decrease was observed in the fertilization rate of each group in comparison with the control group (P=0.001). The rate of 2-cell formation after in vitro fertilization was significantly lower in both vitrification groups (docetaxel+vitrification and vitrification) than in the non-vitrification groups (fresh control and docetaxel) and control group (P=0.001 and P=0.004). The expression level of Cox1 was significantly higher in the vitrification group than in the control group (P=0.01), while it was lower in the docetaxel group than that in the control group (P=0.04). The expression level of the Tfam gene was significantly high in the vitrification group (vitrification+docetaxel) and the non-vitrified group (docetaxel+CPA) in comparison with the control group (P=0.01).Conclusion: This study indicated that the vitrification of mouse MII oocytes increased the expression of the Tfam and Cox1 genes.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44960_3004fde7c0993e6faa98ff72c27349d7.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Combined Hydroxyapatite Scaffold and Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Modulating Alveolar Bone Regeneration via Regulating Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Κb and Osteoprotegerin System4154214496210.30476/ijms.2019.44962ENChiquitaPrahasantiDepartement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia0000-0003-1918-982XLieke HalimSubrataDepartement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaTaniaSaskiantiDepartement of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaKetutSuarditaDepartement of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDiah SavitriErnawatiDepartement of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaJournal Article20170917Background: Tissue engineering using Stem cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) and a natural biomaterials biomaterial scaffold has become a promising therapy for the alveolar bone defect. The aim of this study was to analyze the Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor Activator of NF-Κb ligand (RANKL) expression after the application of Hydroxyapatite scaffold and SHED.Methods: A laboratory experimental research with a post test-only control group. 14 male Wistar rats weighing from 260 to 280 g were used as the animal study. The animals were randomly assigned to an experimental group Hydroxyapatite scaffold (group I) and Hydroxyapatite scaffold combined with SHED (group II). The alveolar bone defect in the animal study model was affected by extracting anterior mandible teeth. Immunostaining was performed after 8 weeks in order to facilitate the examination of OPG and RANKL expression. Data were analyzed by independent t test. The correlation between OPG and RANKL expression were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test (p <0.05). Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 3.4.0.Results: The independent t test showed that the differences were statistically significant. OPG expression in Group I (6.0±1.00) was lower than in Group II (11.6±1.14) (P=0.0004). The independent t test showed that the differences were statistically significant. RANKL expression for Group I (12.67±2.08) and Group II (4.80±1.304) showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0005).Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite scaffold and SHED increase Osteoprotegerin and decrease Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand expression with high potential as an effective agent in alveolar bone defect regeneration.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44962_e386ea94e9fa0ee0e0475655f18a6c5b.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901First Trimester Uterine Rupture, a Rare but Life-Threatening Event: A Case Report4224264494810.30476/ijms.2019.44948ENNafisehSaghafiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-7380-8743AsiehMalekiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5603-570XSedighehAyatiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranLayaShirinzadehDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20180722Uterine rupture often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy or during labor. Its occurrence in early pregnancy and in the absence of any predisposing factors is very rare. Untimely diagnosis and a low index of suspicion could be life-threatening. Here we report the case of a 29-year-old woman with a history of two previous cesarean sections. An ultrasound report revealed a dead fetus in the abdominal cavity at 14 weeks into the abdominal cavity due to a rupture at the site of the previous cesarean scar. Awareness of probable diagnosis of uterine rupture in a pregnant woman with abdominal pain could be important for timely diagnosis and proper management.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44948_a6624227a6846620761f3431a3ef34a5.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Adenomyomas of the Uterine Cervix in the First-Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report4274294495010.30476/ijms.2019.44950ENMalihehMahmoudiniaDepartment of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicines, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-9746-3313MasoumehMirteimooriDepartment of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicines, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-1775-6309ArminAttaranzadehDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicines, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20180507Cervical adenomyomas of endocervical type (endocervical adenomyomas) are very rare benign lesions. Here we report the case of a 33-year-old woman who referred to the Perinatology Clinic of Ommolbanin Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) in September 2017. The patient was 8 weeks pregnant and complained of spotting and feeling a mass protruding from her vagina for 2 months. Physical examination revealed the presence of three masses of approximately 10 cm in the vagina, which were treated surgically. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen showed the presence of glands lined by a single layer of endocervical-type mucinous epithelium with smooth muscle fibers. Clinicians should be aware of such lesions in order to differentiate them from other malignancies and to individualize treatment.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_44950_922cabdb9467e9bc59d5e024e5728fd9.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071644520190901Inguinal Bladder Hernia: Use of Virtual Computed Tomographic Cystography4304314539310.30476/ijms.2019.45393ENDonyaFarrokhDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-8386-9681ReihaneMortazaviDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSorooshDehghaniDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranFarrokhSeilanian-ToosiDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2287-0301BitaAbbasiDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9162-2312Journal Article20181016https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_45393_a3eb75732c4a84135a360afb34aa305c.pdf