Shiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Association between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Febrile Convulsion in 3- to 60-Month-Old Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis49650539698ENNargesHabibianCenter of Medical Education Studies and Development, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAbbasAlipourThalassemia Research Center,
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAbbasRezaianzadehDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20131205Abstract Controversy exists regarding the association between Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), iron status, and Febrile Convulsion (FC) during childhood. In this article, a systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted in order to determine possible association and the degree of association between these statuses and FC. To identify all studies related to IDA and FC, various references such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (OVID), Web of sciences (Thomson Reuters) and Google scholar were searched (up until 15 January 2013). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic, Tau2, and I2. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed. The outcome of primary interest was the overall Odds Ratio (OR) of FC for IDA and standard mean differences (SMD) of ferritin level. In total, 21 articles were considered to assess the association between IDA and FC. Anemia was more prevalent among the FC patients compared with the controls and the overall OR was 1.52 (95% CI=1.03 to 2.25). In addition, the pooled OR for 17 studies performed in the populations with low and moderate prevalence of anemia was 2.04 (95% CI=1.46 to 2.85). Furthermore, 12 studies assessed the association between the ferritin level and FC. The overall SMD was -0.02 with a 95% CI of -0.09 to 0.06. Besides, the pooled SMD of ferritin was -0.57 (95% CI=-0.7 to -0.46) in 6 studies reporting no difference between the FC and the control group with respect to temperature. IDA was associated with a moderate increased risk of FC in children, particularly in the areas with low and moderate prevalence of anemia.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39698_e198e5c42205b6722a91905245975777.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Psychometric Characteristics of the Persian (Farsi) Version of Attachment Style Questionnaire50651439699ENAliFiroozabadiResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranZabihollahAbediResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranRoqayehAliyariDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranBehzadZolfaghariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAhmadGhanizadehResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20131011Abstract Background: Attachment relationship provides a secure base for the infants from which to explore the environment and a safe haven to return to in times of danger. Attachment style shapes the behavior of individuals in adulthood. There are many different measures of attachment and a lot of controversy about what they measure and how they relate to each other. Hence, we tried to evaluate the psychometric properties of one of such questionnaires on a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: “Attachment style questionnaire” designed by Van Oudenhoven measures four dimensions: secure, preoccupied, fearful and dismissing. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated in a cross sectional study on 730 adults in Isfahan, Iran. Statistical analysis of data was performed by the explanatory factor analysis with the principal component method, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficients, and the multiple analysis of variance (MANCOVA). Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for all items was 0.704. As a whole, the internal consistency was good. There was a high inter-scale correlation between preoccupied and fearful, also the secure style correlated negatively with fearful and preoccupied. The stability coefficient of the attachment scales were 0.625, 0.685, 0.777 and 0.605 for secure, fearful, preoccupied and dismissing styles respectively (P<0.001). Regarding construct validity, factor analysis showed that some items require iterations to fit the Iranian population. Conclusion: This study showed that the Persian version of ASQ has a reasonable reliability and validity in general and the questionnaire is appropriate for use among the Iranian population in future studies.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39699_a3552805d45a29bb97b8ba93387453ed.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Incidence of Potential Drug-Drug Interaction and Related Factors in Hospitalized Neurological Patients in two Iranian Teaching Hospitals51552139703ENSohaNamaziHealth Policy Research Center, Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranShivaPourhatamiResearch Center for Traditional Medicine, and History of Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAfshinBorhani-HaghighiClinical Neurology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-4131-7990SarehRoostaVice Chancellery of Research and Technology, Center for Development of Clinical Studies, Nemazee Hospital,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20140126Background: Reciprocal drug interactions are among the most common causes of adverse drug reactions. We investigated the incidence and related risk factors associated with mutual drug interactions in relation to prescriptions written in the neurology wards of two major teaching hospitals in Shiraz, southern Iran. Methods: Data was collected from hand-written prescriptions on a daily basis. Mutual drug interactions were identified using Lexi-Comp 2012 version 1.9.1. Type D and X drug interactions were considered as potential drug-drug interactions. The potential risk factors associated with drug-drug interactions included the patient’s age and gender, number of medications and orders, length of hospitalization and the type of neurological disorder. To determine potential drug-drug interactions, relevant interventions were suggested to the physicians or nurses and the outcome of the interventions were documented. Results: The study comprised 589 patients, of which 53% were males and 47% females, with a mean age of 56.65±18.19 SD years. A total of 4942 drug orders and 3784 medications were prescribed among which 4539 drug-drug interactions were detected, including 4118 type C, 403 type D, and 18 type X. Using a logistic regression model, the number of medications, length of hospitalization and non-vascular type of the neurological disorder were found to be significantly associated with potential drug-drug interactions. From the total interventions, 74.24% were accepted by physicians and nurses. Conclusion: Potentially hazardous reciprocal drug interactions are common among patients in neurology wards. Clinical pharmacists can play a critical role in the prevention of drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patients.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39703_304cd61dd517680a4ec2c1a70496bb4f.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Healing Effect of Pistacia Atlantica Fruit Oil Extract in Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats52252839706ENNaderTanidehShiraz Burn Research Center, Colorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSamiraMasoumiStudent Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMassoodHosseinzadehColorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAli RezaSafarpourColorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranHodaErjaeeStudent Research Committee, Veterinary School, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranOmidKoohi-HosseinabadiCenter for Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSalarRahimikazerooniColorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20131123Background: Considering the anti-oxidant properties of Pistacia atlantica and lack of data regarding its efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, this study aims at investigating the effect of the Pistacia atlantica fruit extract in treating experimentally induced colitis in a rat model.Methods: Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 220±20 g) were used. All rats fasted 24 hours before the experimental procedure. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, each containing 10 induced colitis with 2ml acetic acid (3%). Group 1 (Asacol), group 2 (base gel) and group 7 (without treatment) were assigned as control groups. Group 3 (300 mg/ml) and group 4 (600 mg/ml) received Pistacia atlantica fruit orally. Group 5 (10% gel) and group 6 (20% gel) received Pistacia atlantica in the form of gel as enema. Macroscopic, histopathological examination and MDA measurement were carried out. Results: All groups revealed significant macroscopic healing in comparison with group 7 (P<0.001). Regarding microscopic findings in the treatment groups compared with group 7, the latter group differed significantly with groups 1, 2, 4 and 6 (P<0.001). There was a significant statistical difference in MDA scores of the seven treatment groups (F(5,54)=76.61, P<0.001). Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the mean±SD score of Asacol treated group (1.57±0.045) was not significantly different from groups 4 (1.62±0.024) and 6 (1.58±0.028).Conclusion: Our study showed that a high dose of Pistacia atlantica fruit oil extract, administered orally and rectally can improve colitis physiologically and pathologically in a rat model, and may be efficient for ulcerative colitis.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39706_e011c99bdbeddf750bc4a4646efe1f88.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Persian Version of the Oxford Knee Score in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis52953539709ENMohammad HoseinEbrahimzadehOrthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHadiMakhmalbafOrthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAliBirjandinejadOrthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed HoseinSoltani-MoghaddasOrthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20130822Background: The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is a short patient-reported outcome instrument that measures pain and physical activity related to knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, construct validity and consistent reliability of the Persian version of the OKS.Methods: The case series consisted of 80 patients who were clinically diagnosed with having knee osteoarthritis. All patients were requested to fill-in the Persian OKS and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Correlation analysis between the Persian versions of these two instruments was then carried out. The scores of the Persian SF-36 were used to evaluate convergent and divergent validity of the 12-item Persian OKS.Results: From a total of 80 patients, 63 were female (79%) and the remaining 17 were male (21%) with a mean age of 52.2 years. In the present study, high Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95 confirms excellent internal consistency of the Persian OKS scale similar to previous investigations. The results confirm that the Persian version of this instrument is valid and reliable, similar to its English index and its subsequent translations in different languages.Conclusion: The Persian OKS is a reliable instrument to evaluate knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis and is a useful tool for outcome measurement in clinical research.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39709_a9b7299d7426601d19cbeabe966f05d5.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Blockade of Central Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Protects the Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Normotensive Rats53654239710ENHamdolahPanahpourDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranAli AkbarNekooeiaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. IranGholam AbbasDehghaniDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20140216Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of invalidism and death in industrialized countries. There are conflicting reports about the effects of Angiotensin II on ischemia-reperfusion brain injuries and most data have come from chronic hypertensive rats. In this study, hypotensive and non-hypotensive doses of candesartan were used to investigate the effects of angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade by transient focal cerebral ischemia in normotensive rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Sham group, the control ischemic group, and two ischemic groups received candesartan at doses of 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg at one hour before ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 60 minutes occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, followed by 24 h reperfusion. The neurological deficit score was evaluated at the end of the reperfusion period. The total cortical and striatal infarct volumes were determined using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining technique. Tissue swelling was calculated for the investigation of ischemic brain edema formation.Results: In comparison with the control ischemic group, AT1 receptor blockade with both doses of candesartan (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) significantly improved neurological deficit and lowered cortical and striatal infarct sizes. In addition, pretreatment with candesartan significantly reduced ischemia induced tissue swelling.Conclusion: Angiotensin II by stimulating AT1 receptors, participates in ischemia-reperfusion injuries and edema formation. AT1 receptor blockade with candesartan decreased ischemic brain injury and edema and improved neurological outcome.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39710_b3d77068f4916d2dd75d4a655079392e.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Intrathecal Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin Affect Formalin Induced c-Fos Expression in the Spinal Cord of Rats54355139711ENZahraKhoshdelDepartment of Biochemistry Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohammad AliTakhshidDiagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-3506-7753Ali AkbarOwjiResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranJournal Article20131225Background: Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin belong to the calcitonin family of peptides and have high affinity binding sites in the rat spinal cord. The aim of this study was to characterize receptors for Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin functionally in the spinal cord of rats. We assessed the expression of c-Fos in response to intraplantar formalin in the lumbar regions of the spinal cord in conscious rats. Methods: Amylin (0.05 nmoles) or Salmon Calcitonin (0.005 nmoles) was administered intrathecally (i.t.) 10 minutes before the start of the formalin test. Antagonists were injected intrathecally 10 minutes before the administration of either of the peptides. Results: Two hours after formalin stimulation, rats pretreated intrathecally by either Amylin or Salmon Calcitonin, showed lower numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in their lumbar spinal cord as compared to rats pretreated with saline. These effects were reversed upon co-administration of either of the Amylin antagonists AC187 or rat amylin8-37, but not rat α-CGRP8-37. A few cells with c-Fos immunoreactivity were found in the lumbar spinal cord of rats two hours after i.t. injection of saline, Amylin and/or Salmon Calcitonin. However, Fos-like immunoreactivity was increased in the lumbar spinal cord two hours after i.t. treatment of either of the antagonists AC187 and rat amylin8-37, when compared to saline treated rats. Conclusion: Both Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin inhibit formalin induced c-Fos expression in the rat lumbar spinal cord when administered intrathecally. Effects of the two peptides were possibly produced by undefined receptors.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39711_31402bcf384ed1ae6408c4c0c51c3ed0.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Preparation of a Selective L-Phenylalanine Imprinted Polymer Implicated in Patients with Phenylketonuria55255839712ENParvanehNajafizadehDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, IranSoltan AhmadEbrahimiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad RezaPanjehshahinDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-9327-7548Seyed MahdiRezayat SorkhabadiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20131227Abstract Background: Molecular imprinting is a method for synthesizing polymers with structure-selective adsorption properties with applications such as, selectivity binding, drug delivery systems and anti-bodies. The present study aims at optimizing the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) against l-phenylalanine, in order to increase phenylalanine-binding in Enzymatic Intestinal Simulated Fluid (ESIF). Methods: The MIP for l-phenylalanine, as a water-soluble template, was successfully synthesized without derivatization. Synthesization was done by a UV polymerization method in which methacrylic acid (MAA), as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), as a cross-linker, were used in the presence of five different porogenic solvents including; acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, toluene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The selectivity of the MIP was examined using 19 different amino acids in human serum and was evaluated by HPLC. In addition, morphological studies were conducted using SEM. Results: The results showed that the obtained MIP with acetonitrile had the highest capacity and selectivity compared with other solvents. The data indicated that Phe-binding to MIP was significantly more than the former binding to NIP in EISF (P≤0.05). Moreover, in comparison with NIP and control group, MIP showed a better selectivity and binding for Phe. This could be used for the reduction of Phe in human serum samples of Phenylketonuria.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the MIP against Phe prepared with acetonitrile, showed a good selectivity and binding, which caused a reduction of blood Phe concentration in enzymatic simulated intestinal fluid and human serum sample of Phenylketonuria.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39712_e7e1fd54cdc68a6260114faf0760b6c5.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101The Effects of Low and High Dose Oral Calcium and Phosphor Supplementation on Nephrocalcinosis Diagnosed by Sonography in Premature and Low Birth Weight Neonates55956439700ENKarmellaKamaliMedical Imaging Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Shiraz, IranNarjesPishvaNeonatology Research Center, Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, IranEsmatDeirehDepartment of Pediatrics, Zeinabieh Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20141111Nephrocalcinosis is defined as calcium deposition in the renal interstitium. One of the major causes of neonatal nephrocalcinosis is the use of calcium and phosphor supplements for premature neonates. This study aims at assessing the effects of calcium and phosphor supplementation in neonatal nephrocalcinosis by renal ultrasonography.In this randomized controlled trial, 37 premature neonates with birth weightshttps://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39700_913cbad773a414c4bc1984eaed3d5cdf.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Effectiveness of Treadmill Training on Balance Control in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial56557039704ENSorayaPirouziDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranAli RezaMoteallehDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranFatemehFallahzadehDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranMohammad AminFallahzadehSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20141111Physical exercise would improve postural stability, which is an essential factor in preventing accidental fall among the elderly population. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of treadmill walking on balance improvement among the elderly people. A total of 30 community dwelling older adults with a Berg Balance Scale score of 36-48 and the ability to walk without aid were considered and divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. Individuals in the experimental group participated in 30 minutes of forward and backward treadmill training based on three times a week interval for a period of four weeks. Individuals in the control group were instructed to continue with their daily routine activity. Before and after training, gait speed was measured by six-minute walk test and balance ability was evaluated by Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FABS) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) tests. Postural sway items such as the Center of Pressure (COP), average displacement and velocity were evaluated by using a force platform system. Data were collected in quiet standing, tandem position and standing on foam pads before and after intervention.After intervention, balance variables in the experimental group indicated a significant improvement in quiet standing on firm and foam surfaces, but no considerable improvement was shown in tandem position.A between-group comparison showed a significant reduction in COP velocity in the sagittal plane (P=0.030) during quiet standing and in the frontal plane (P=0.001) during standing on foam, whereas no significant reduction in COP parameters during tandem position was found.It is recommended that twelve sessions of forward and backward treadmill walk are effective in balance improvement in elderly people.Trial Registration Number: IRCT201209199440N2https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39704_93c1299a62cba1aec31f1d9113f8d802.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Indoor Smoke Exposure and Risk of Anthracosis57157639707ENMostafaQorbaniDepartment of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences,
Karaj, Iran; and Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, IranMasudYunesianDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHamid RezaBaradaranEndocrine Research Center,
Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20141111The association between indoor smoke exposure due to traditional baking (baking homemade bread) and anthracosis has rarely been investigated. The aim of the present study is to quantify such association among the Iranian population. A hospital based case-control study was carried out on 83 anthracotic cases and 155 controls (83 individuals with non-anthracotic pulmonary disorders from the pulmonary ward and 72 persons from the surgical ward without any known pulmonary disorders). The interview was performed using the “American Thoracic Society” questionnaire, comprising demographic information, occupational history, cigarette smoking, and indoor smoke exposure due to traditional baking. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. Comparison between cases and pulmonary ward controls showed that only the association between indoor smoke exposure due to traditional baking and anthracosis in women was statistically significant (OR: 4.30, 95% CI: 1.31 to 14.10). This was concluded after adjusting for other risk factors such as occupational exposure to dust, age, and education. When surgical ward controls were considered as control, after controlling for the significant risk factors, we found a significant relationship between indoor smoke exposure due to traditional baking and anthracosis (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.49 to 7.55). Based on the findings from this study, it is concluded that there is an association between indoor smoke exposure and anthracosis. Women are significantly more susceptible to anthracosis than men are when exposed to smoke exposure.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39707_0a16a32225aef32ecb7e01cc08f39542.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Nicolau Syndrome after Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin Injection57757939701ENMortezaNoaparastDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRasoulMirsharifiDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFezzehElyasiniaDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRezaParsaeiDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHessamKondoriDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSaraFariftehDepartment of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20141111A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with right lower limb pain, edema, and livedoid discoloration that occurred immediately after intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin. The patient was diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome, a rare complication of intramuscular injection presumed to be related to the inadvertent intravascular injection. It was first reported following intramuscular injection of bismuth salt, but it can occur as a complication of various other drugs. Fasciotomy was carried out due to the resultant compartment syndrome and medical therapy with heparin, corticosteroid, and pentoxifyllin was initiated.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39701_2e898161c70cbf3e199d7e59c58ab65b.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Bartholin’s Gland Clinically Mimics Endometriosis, A Case Report58058339705ENMojganAkbarzadeh-JahromiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranFatemehSari AslaniDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-6232-9923NavidOmidifarDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSedighehAmooeeDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20141111Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin’s gland is a rare malignant tumor of female genital tract. We report a case of a 42-year-old woman, presenting a palpable painful mass and burning sensation on the left side of vulva during the preceding two months. Based on examination, a solid fixed painful nodule with intact mucosa was palpated on the left side of the vagina. Histological features were compatible with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Often, such lesion is clinically misdiagnosed as a cyst or inflammation. The present case was carried out with an impression of endometriosis. The possibility of cancer should be considered in any female older than 40 years of age with a lesion near the Bartholin’s glands.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39705_6ebdff47c43a456b56c4b880ac20f8a2.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101A Case of Self-treatment Induced Recurrent Fixed Drug Eruptions Associated with the Use of Different Fixed Dose Combinations of Fluoroquinolone-Nitroimidazole58458839708ENAgnikPalDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaSukantaSenDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaSuvajitDasDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaArunavaBiswasDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaSantanu KTripathiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaJournal Article20140122A young male patient used fixed dose combinations of different fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazoles several times in the last few years for self-treating repeated episodes of diarrhea and loose motion. Each time, he experienced fixed drug eruptions that increased in number and severity on subsequent occasions. Suspecting association between the drug and the rashes, the patient each time discontinued the treatment prematurely, and preferred to switch to a similar formulation next time, but with different molecules of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin) and nitroimidazole (tinidazole or ornidazole). He could not however avoid the rash. This time the patient presented with multiple, round-to-oval, well-defined, hyperpigmented cutaneous patches of different dimensions, all over the body. He appeared to have run out of options and therefore consulted us seeking advice on how he should treat himself next time he suffered from diarrhea. Causality assessment by Naranjo’s algorithm revealed a definite relationship between the cutaneous adverse reaction and the offending drug. He was counselled regarding medication in general and advised, in particular, to avoid the tendency to self-treat any future episode of diarrhea.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39708_e50320492dee84b69424682314c5edfa.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071639620141101Adult Ileo-Ileal Intussusception Caused by Intestinal Lipoma58959039702ENMohammad SadeghFazeliDepartment of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAlirezaKazemeiniDepartment of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFezzehElyasiniaDepartment of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRezaParsaeiDepartment of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20131226https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39702_8e34e293b39c16d871a15c5efb4612ad.pdf