Shiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Infective Causes of Stroke in Tropical Regions15015839558ENRoyaAlavi-NainiInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranAliMoghtaderiDepartment of Neurology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20131208Vascular diseases of the brain are the second reason of the death and the first cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. In tropical areas stroke has some particular features related to the nature of torrid zones. There are some special causes of the stroke, mainly infectious, although some of them are non-infectious. The most important etiologies are malaria, tuberculosis, cysticercosis, syphilis, and Chagas’ disease. The mean age of the patients with stroke in tropical areas seems to be less than that in developed countries, and the disease is more prevalent in younger adults. Prevention and/or treatment of the classic risk factors as well as factors related to tropical zones are the mainstays of controlling the disease. It has to be mentioned that lack of human as well as financial resources makes it difficult to control and treat the disease properly. Herein, the etiologies and risk factors of the cerebrovascular diseases in tropical regions will be reviewd.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39558_13bc963e55f2f6dc32e1a384a0b739e5.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901The Efficacy and Safety of a High Dose of Vitamin D in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial15916539559ENHassanMozaffari-KhosraviDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMahdiehHosseinzadeh-Shamsi-AnarDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMaryam-AlsadatSalamiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHosseinHadinedoushanDepartment of Immunology, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMohammad RezaMozayanDepartment of English Language, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranJournal Article20131208Background: During pregnancy and lactation outstanding changes occur in mother’s vitamin D metabolism. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of 300,000 IU vitamin D given intramuscularly on body status in new cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).<br /> Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with the follow-up period of 3 months. Totally 45 participants were randomly divided into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The IG received an IM injection of 300,000 IU of vitamin D, whereas CG did not. The glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), serum 25-OH-D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium and phosphorus were measured.<br /> Results: Forty five patients including 24 with the mean age of 30.7±6.2 years in the IG and 21 with the mean age of 29.5±4.0 years in the CG participated in the study. The median concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 in the IG was to 62.10 nmol/l after the intervention, showing an increase of around 158%, compared to before intervention (24.25 nmol/l) whereas the CG showed a decrease of around 4.5%. Of the patients, 79.2% of IG and 81.9% of CG suffered to some degree from vitamin D deficiency. These figures were 4.2% and 71.4% for the IG and CG, respectively after the intervention.<br /> For the IG, the PTH was significantly lower and Ca was significantly higher after the intervention. The serum Phosphorus before and after the intervention in each group or between the two groups was not significant.<br /> Conclusions: The single 300,000 IM dose of vitamin D is regarded as an effective and safe to promptly improve vitamin D status in GDM.<br /> Trial Registration Number: IRCT138902113840N1https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39559_36e97439f17e6d849e4ffb832f689ac2.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901A Comparison of Preoperative Ondansetron and Dexamethasone in the Prevention of Post-Tympanoplasty Nausea and Vomiting16617239563ENKhosroKolahdouzanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMahmoudEidiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranHamzehHosseinzadehDepartment of Anesthesiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranRaziehTabaqiMedical Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20131208Background: Nausea and vomiting are common complications of anesthesia and surgery. Patients undergoing tympanoplasty are exposed to a higher risk of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV). These complications may alter the results of reconstruction and anatomical alignments. Numerous antiemetics have been studied to prevent and treat PONV in patients undergoing tympanoplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous ondansetron and dexamethasone on post-tympanoplasty PONV.<br /> Methods: In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 219 patients were divided into three groups including one receiving ondansetron, one receiving dexamethazone, and one receiving distilled water. All patients were subjected to tympanoplasty type I. The patients in the first group received ondansetron (4 mg IV), second group received oexamethasone (8 mg IV), and third group received distilled water prior to induction of anesthesia. Using Bellivelle’s scoring system, the incidence of PONV and its severity during the 24-hour period after surgery were measured and compared.<br /> Results: There was no significant difference among PONV in the three groups in the first two hours after the surgery. However, in 2-8, 8-16 and 16-24 hours after the surgery the PONV in ondansetron and dexamethasone groups were significantly lower than that in the control group.<br /> Conclusion: Ondansetron and dexamethasone were more effective than placebo in controlling PONV after tympanoplasty surgeries. Moreover, dexamethasone was more effective than ondansetron in preventing PONV.<br /> Trial Registration Number: IRCT201106154005N4https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39563_b5913d0c1f3f1658d0ec33bd41870561.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Protective Effect of Vitamins E and C on Endosulfan-Induced Reproductive Toxicityin Male Rats1731803956610.30476/ijms.2012.39566ENMohammad AliTakhshidDepartment of Anesthesiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-3506-7753Ali RezaTavasuliDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranYazdanHeidaryMedical Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMojtabaKeshavarzMedical Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranHussainKargarMedical Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20131208Background: The role of oxidative stress in endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity has been implicated. This study was performed to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamins E and C, against endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity in rats.<br /> Methods: Fifty adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 each). The groups included a control receiving vehicle, a group treated with endosulfan (10 mg/kg/day) alone, and three endosulfan-treated group receiving vitamin C (20 mg/kg/day), vitamin E (200 mg/kg/day), or vitamine C+vitamin E at the same doses. After 10 days of treatment, sperm parameters, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), plasma testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the testis were determined.<br /> Results: Oral administration of endosulfan caused a reduction in the sperm motility, viability, daily sperm production (DSP) and increased the number of sperm with abnormal chromatin condensation. Endosulfan administration increased testis MDA and plasma LDH. Supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E to endosulfan-treated rats reduced the toxic effect of endosulfan on sperm parameters and lipid peroxidation in the testis. Vitamin E was more protective than vitamin C in reducing the adverse effects of the endosulfan.<br /> Conclusion: The findings data suggest that administration of vitamins C and E ameliorated the endosulfan-induced oxidative stress and sperm toxicity in rat. The effect of vitamin E in preventing endosulfan-induced sperm toxicity was superior to that of vitamin C.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39566_e362e8dd01f760e2ed61fcfa4f64077f.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Antidiabetic Effect of Hydroalcholic Urtica dioica Leaf Extract in Male Rats with Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance1811863956910.30476/ijms.2012.39569ENAkramAhangarpourDepartment of Physiology, Diabetes and Physiology Research Centers, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-9534-9699MaryamMohammadianDepartment of Physiology, Medical School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranMahinDianatDepartment of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20131208Background: Urtica dioica has been used as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica on fructose-induced insulin resistance rats.<br /> Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including control, fructose, extract 50, extract 100 and extract 200. The control rat received vehicle, the fructose and extract groups received fructose 10% for eight weeks. The extract groups received single daily injection of vehicle, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for the two weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, last fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanin trasaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leptin and LDL/HDL ratio were determined.<br /> Results: Compared to control group, daily administration of fructose was associated with significant increase in FIRI, blood glucose and insulin, significant decrease in lepin, and no significant change in TG, HDL, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, VLDL, ALT, and ALP. The extract significantly decreased serum glucose, insulin, LDL and leptin, and LDL/HDL ratio and FIRI. It also significantly increased serum TG, VLDL, and AST, but did not change serum ALP.<br /> Conclusion: We suggest that Urtica dioica extract, by decreasing serum glucose, and FIRI, may be useful to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also, by positive effect on lipid profile and by decreasing effect on leptin, it may improve metabolic syndrome.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39569_66d2ee3c5ea5c6bd199b6678cd0d346c.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Optimal Electroporation Condition for Small Interfering RNA Transfection into MDA-MB-468 Cell Line18719339570ENMozhganRastiDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranRitaArabsolgharDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20131208Background: Electroporation is a valuable tool for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into cells because it efficiently transforms a wide variety of cell types. Since electroporation condition for each cell type must be determined experimentally, this study presents an optimal electroporation strategy to reproducibly and efficiently transfect MDA-MB 468 human breast cancer cell with siRNA.<br /> Methods: To identify the best condition, the cells were firstly electroporated without siRNA and cell viability was determined by trypan blue and MTT assays. Then siRNA transfection in the best condition was performed. Western blot analysis was used for monitoring successful siRNA transfection.<br /> Results: The best condition for electroporation of this cell line was 220 volt and 975 µF in exponential decay using the Gene Pulser X cell electroporation system. Our data demonstrated that by using proper electroporation condition, DNA methyl transferase mRNA was silenced by 10 nmol DNMT1 siRNA in MDA-MB 468 cells when compared with negative control siRNA electroporation. Analysis of cell viability demonstrated that optimal electroporation condition resulted in 74% and 78% cell viability by trypan blue staining and MTT assay, respectively.<br /> Conclusion: Transfection of the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line with siRNA in the obtained electroporation condition was successful and resulted in effective gene silencing and high cellular viability.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39570_e93d2cc94ba32f8a1462e1d73adbba7f.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Evaluation of a PCR Assay to Detect Enterococcus faecalis in Blood and Determine Glycopeptides Resistance Genes: Van A and Van B19419939571ENHamidrezaHonarmandCellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, IranMahsomeFalah GhavidelDepartment of Microbiology, Azad University, Lahijan, IranIrajNikokarDepartment of Microbiology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, IranMortezaRahbar TaromsariDepartment of Legal Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, IranJournal Article20131208Background: Bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecalis is usually caused by strains resistant to most antibiotics. Effective management of the disease is dependent on rapid detection and characterization of the bacteria, and determination its sensitivity pattern to antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate a more rapid and reliable assay for simultaneous diagnosis of enterococcal bacteremia and its sensitivity pattern to antimicrobial drugs.<br /> Methods: Several bacterial suspensions with different content of two standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis resistant to vancomycin were used for inoculation to defibrinated sheep blood samples. PCR and routine assay was performed on all blood samples with different bacterial content.<br /> Results: Routine assay and PCR for all inoculated blood samples with ≥5 cfu/ml was positive. Mean time for PCR and routine assays was 10 hours and 5 days, respectively.<br /> Conclusion: PCR is a more rapid and sensitive assay for simultaneous detection and characterization for Enterococcus faecalis, and determination of its sensitivity pattern to vancomycin.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39571_091c4e84833824a355a0ac1356e55f68.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Introducing New Laboratory-Developed Molecular Methods in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratories20020139560ENGholamrezaPouladfarProfessor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-8676-4607Journal Article20131208https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39560_50d44ac0b04e56eebe34ac6fc513e3b0.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Anterior Shoulder Dislocation and Ipsilateral Humeral Shaft Fracture20220439561ENMasoudShayesteh-AzarDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMohammad HosseinKarimi-NasabDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMajidSajjadi–SaraviDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranSeyed Mohamad MehdiDaneshpoorDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20131208Simultaneous dislocation of shoulder and humeral shaft fracture is a rare injury, and there is no clear protocol for its treatment. Herein we present a case of a 15-year-old boy, who suffered from a job-related accident and sustained fracture of humeral shaft associated with ipsilateral anterior shoulder dislocation and fracture of greater tuberosity 15 years ago. He received closed reduction of both injuries and coaptation plaster splint for four weeks, followed by Sarmiento splint at that time. Fifteen years after the injury, he has no problem related to the previous injury, and does not experience any episode of shoulder instability.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39561_426288403ee7d362d553787b625fdca1.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Unruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erthematosus: A Diagnostic Challenge20520739564ENBilal BinAbdullahDepartment of Medicine, Al Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur-Karnataka, IndiaSyed MustafaAshrafDepartment of Medicine, Al Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur-Karnataka, IndiaMohammedZohebDepartment of Medicine, Al Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur-Karnataka, IndiaNidaNausheenDepartment of Pathology, Al Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur-Karnataka, IndiaJournal Article20131208A 22-year-old female patient presented to the Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital with symptoms of headache and nausea. She has been on a regular follow-up for the preceding three and a half years after being diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She had been treated earlier for SLE nephritis in the same institution, and had two relapses of nephrotic syndrome in the last three and a half years for which she had been treated and had achieved complete remission. All possibilities of headaches in background of SLE were considered. CNS examination was inconclusive. There was no nuchal rigidity or no cranial nerve deficits. Fundoscopy and Plain CT scan of brain were normal. The possibility of CNS-lupus was considered considering the high values of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). Treatment was initiated accordingly; however, there was no improvement in her symptoms. Although being rare in a patient with SLE, the possibility of an aneurysm was considered. Four vessel digital substraction angiography revealed two unruptured aneurysms of 7.2 mm and 3.9 mm in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Craniotomy and aneurysmal clipping was done successfully, and the patient was relieved of her symptoms. A high degree of suspicion towards a rarer cause clinched the diagnosis of a left MCA territory stem artery aneurysm. This rationale of strong suspicion and discussion of differential diagnosis brought a change in the management of the patient.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39564_1933cd87c6b34b840ffc78786d74ede6.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Severe Acute Hyperkalemia during Pre-Anhepatic Stage in Cadaveric Orthotopic Liver Transplantation20821039567ENMohammad AliSahmeddiniShiraz Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-1510-0103Mohammad BagherKhosraviShiraz Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-1223-2346Journal Article20131208A serious hazard to patients during orthotopic liver transplantation is hyperkalemia. Although the most frequent and hazardous hyperkalemia occurs immediately after reperfusion of the newly transplanted liver, morbid hyperkalemia could happen in the other phases during orthotopic liver transplantation. However, pre-anhepatic hyperkalemia during orthotopic liver transplantation is rare. This report describes one such patient, who without transfusion, developed severe hyperkalemia during pre-anhepatic phase. The variations in serum potassium concentration of the present case indicate that it is necessary to take care of the changes of serum potassium concentration not only during reperfusion but also during the other phases of the liver transplantation.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39567_4b381d5b42eaf88ba27f7555a99b2202.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901The Study of Gastric Mucosa for Possible Bacterial Causative Agent of Crohn’s Disease21121439562ENSlobodanKazicCenter for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zvezdara Hospital, Belgrade, SerbiaMilenaKazicClinic of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, SerbiaJelenaPopovicClinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, SerbiaJournal Article20131208https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39562_780dec470ca375570f9b3a61509bdb9e.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901Mass Measles Vaccination21521639565ENGholam AliGhorbaniDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Gastroentrology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Baqyiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20131208https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39565_0a864f6ffaf27d276c84d1434ff5c60b.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-071637320120901The Authors’ Reply21721839568ENSarmilaMallikDepartment of Community Medicine, Midnapore Medical College, Kolkata, IndiaPramitGhoshDepartment of Community Medicine, West Bengal State Immunization Support Cell, Medical College, Kolkata, IndiaSamirDasguptaDepartment of Community Medicine, West Bengal State Immunization Support Cell, Medical College, Kolkata, IndiaJournal Article20131208https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39568_56197289ac305e8075ffcd9ffdc44289.pdf