Phototherapy-induced Hypocalcemia
F.
Habibzadeh
author
Z.
Karamizadeh
author
text
article
2015
eng
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
151
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40272_c332506bc0cba1862e77d4e58fcfd253.pdf
Neonatal Tetanus in Southern Iran: Predisposing and Prognostic Factors
Sh.
Beheshti
author
A.
Khajehdehi
author
GR.
Rezaian
author
P.
Khajehdehi
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The predisposing and prognostic factors for neonatal tetanus (NNT) have not been adequately studied in southernIran. Objective: The present study was undertaken in Fars Province to further clarify the status of neonatal tetanus in this region. Methods: The mortality rate was correlated with demographic and clinical findings in 112 cases of neonatal tetanus. In addition, the height and weight of NNT patients were compared to those of 112 age- and sex-matched normal neonates. Results: Patients were predominantly males (82%) with a male to female ratio of 4.8:1. Although the clinical presentation and outcome of male and female patients were very similar, both groups had a significantly (p<0.05) lower birth weight compared to their control counterparts. None of the mothers had been immunized against tetanus and 92% had delivered at home under unsterile conditions. The mortality rate was 44% and strongly related to the age of the patients on admission. Conclusions: Male sex, low birth weight, and a lack of immunization of mother, all predispose the newborn to tetanus. The mortality rate was inversely proportional to the age of the newborn.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
152
155
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40273_27deb561fae4b0e0fc5b01b20e25b2ab.pdf
The Study of Cockroach Allergy in Iranian Children with Asthma
A.
Farhoudi
author
Z.
Pourpak
author
M.
Mesdaghi
author
Z.
Chavoshzadeh
author
A.
Kazemnejad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Exposure to allergens plays an important role in asthma. Recently, cockroach has attracted attentions as an important allergen. Objective: To evaluate cockroach allergy in Iranian children with asthma. Methods: 100 children with asthma were studied. After determination of asthma severity, serum total IgE and blood eosinophils were measured. The patients were then skin prick tested with cockroach (Blattella germanica) and some common aeroallergens and food allergens. According to cockroach skin prick test (SPT) results, the patients were divided into two groups (sensitive and non-sensitive) and compared. Results: Positive SPT for cockroach was detected in 29% of patients. Cockroach sensitive group had a more severe asthma (p<0.02). Asthmatic patients with cockroach allergy had perennial symptoms (p<0.05). A remarkable number of sensitive patients were born in winter (p<0.05). Eosinophilia was more common in sensitive group (p<0.02) and they had a higher level of serum total IgE (p<0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of cockroach allergy was near to other common aeroallergens. Cockroach sensitive group had perennial symptoms, which are compatible with other indoor allergens. Cockroach allergy was more prevalent in children born in winter. May be these children are kept at home during their first months of life and are more exposed to cockroaches. The higher prevalence of eosinophilia and higher IgE level in sensitive group may be the reasons of more severe asthma in this group.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
156
160
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40277_8de38e99eb41f0e300b28f31c3d95379.pdf
Prevalence of Nicotine and Opium Dependence among Psychiatric In-patients in Kerman, Southwestern Iran
AR.
Ghaffari Nejad
author
F.
Pouya
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Many psychiatric patients have nicotine and other substance dependence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of nicotine and opium dependence among psychiatric in-patients inKerman, a city in southwesternIran. Methods: Three groups of psychiatric inpatients, chronic medical patients and a sample from local population, each including 400 subjects were selected. Nicotine dependence was evaluated by Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Scores >7 were considered positive for nicotine dependence. Opium dependence was evaluated by a semi-structured interview based on DSM IV. Results: 115 (28.75%) out of 400 psychiatric patients had nicotine dependence which was significantly higher than that of the two other groups (p<0.0001). 140 (35%) of psychiatric patients had opium dependence that did not differ from chronic medical patient but was higher than the control group (p<0.0001). Frequencies of nicotine and opium dependence were higher among males in all three groups. The highest frequencies of nicotine and opium dependence were observed among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: Psychiatric patients are predisposed to substance dependence. One plausible reason for opium dependence in our patients is cultural factors. Substance dependence associated with other psychiatric disorders should be considered whenever treatment plan is made.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
161
165
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40280_e663aae4ccd4a7d533242eb8a16b82d1.pdf
Prevalence of Phototherapy-Induced Hypocalcemia
H.
Karamifar
author
N.
Pishva
author
GH.
Amirhakimi
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the single most common abnormal physical finding in the first week of life and is commonly managed by phototherapy with its inherent complications. A lesser known complication of the phototherapy is hypocalcemia. Objective: To study the prevalence of phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia and to compare it between premature and full-term babies. Methods: This study was performed on 153 jaundiced neonates (62 premature, 91 full-term) that were managed with phototherapy. These neonates were completely normal on physical examination. Serum calcium was checked on arrival, 48 hours after starting phototherapy and 24 hours after discontinuation of the treatment. The first samples were considered as controls. A comparative study was made between these groups to determine the prevalence of hypocalcemia. Results: Twenty- two neonates (14.4%) developed hypocalcemia. There were significant differences between the prevalence of hypocalcemia in premature (22.6%) and full-term neonates (8.7%) (p= 0.018). None of the hypocalcemic neonates was symptomatic clinically. Serum levels of calcium returned to normal 24 hours after discontinuation of phototherapy in almost all hypocalcemic neonates. Conclusion: The study shows that neonates under phototherapy are at high risk of hypocalcemia. This risk is greater in premature neonates.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
166
168
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40282_4bbc3858a9102802e848042d96bb5733.pdf
Phototherapy-Induced Hypocalcemia in Icteric Newborns
F.
Eghbalian
author
A.
Monsef
author
text
article
2015
eng
Bakground: Phototherapy plays a significant role in the treatment and prevention of hyperbilirubinemia as well as the management of subsequent complications in the newborn. However, this treatment modality may itself result in the development of hypocalcaemia and create serious complications including convulsion and related conditions. Objective: This study was under-taken to investigate phototherapy–induced hypocalcemia in hyperbilirubinemic neonates. Methods: 63 healthy term newborns of >2.5 kg undergoing phototherapy were selected. Plasma bilirubin and calcium levels were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. Results: The difference between pre- and post-phototherapy plasma calcium levels were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The decline in plasma calcium level at times reached hypocalcemia threshold. Conclusion: Phototherapy in icteric neonates lowers serum calcium level.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
169
171
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40283_2611fc005091daaf2a3efb9e187c663a.pdf
Efficacy of Permethrin-Impregnated Uniforms in the Prevention of Cutaneous Leishmania-sis in Iranian Soldiers
A.
Asillian
author
A.
Sadeghnia
author
F.
Shariati
author
M.
Iman Jome
author
A.
Ghoddusi
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: One approach for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis is creation of a barrier between the insect vector (phlebotomus) and the host. Many, but not all, researchers claim that permethrin-impregnated uniforms are effective for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We determined the efficacy of permethrin-impregnated uniforms for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis among Iranian soldiers. Methods: 324 soldiers were randomized into two equal groups. 272 soldiers completed the study. In Group A, 134 soldiers were issued permethrin impregnated uniforms. In Group B, 138 soldiers were issued uniforms washed in water. The soldiers wore uniforms day and night for 3 months, and were observed for an additional 6 months. All of the soldiers remained during this 3 months in the leishmaniasis-endemic area of Isfahan. Results: 9 (6.5%) of 138 soldiers wearing control uniforms and 6 (4.4%) of 134 soldiers wearing permethrin-impregnated uniforms acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Permethrin-impregnated uniforms may not be effective in prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
172
175
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40284_23b76dc7a70dccbe960b9c6a0bfc7292.pdf
Use of Colchicine in Reduction or Prevention of Talc-induced Intra-abdominal Adhesion Bands
SV.
Hosseini
author
B.
Ghasemzadeh
author
A.
Tanideh
author
H.
Yarmohammadi
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Postoperative peritoneal adhesion bands are one of the most common complications caused by foreign material. Objective: To investigate the effect of colchicine on talc-induced peritoneal adhesion bands. Method: Adhesion bands were induced in 30 short hair England Guinea pigs by introduction of talc-saline solution (10 mL, 10%) into the peritoneal cavity. Afterwards, the pigs were randomly divided into two equal groups and colchicine was orally given to the experimental group. Finally, laparotomy was performed and the adhesion bands in both groups were classified using the Nair classification and compared with each other. Results: Only four (23%) out of 15 Guinea pigs of the target group developed substantial adhesions, while the other 11 (75%) pigs developed only insubstantial adhesions (grade 0-1). On the other hand, the entire control group developed substantial adhesions. Conclusion: Colchicine, at a dosage of 0.02 mg/kg, prevented and reduced formation and severity of adhesion bands (p<0.05). Therefore, given the safety, low cost and acceptable side effects, colchicine may be a useful agent for prevention or reduction of adhesion band formation. Human studies on this subject are warranted.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
176
179
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40285_27c309eb819b48743693479169d97dcf.pdf
Sodium Valproate-Induced Potentiation of Antiherpetic Effect of Acyclovir
A.
Moattari
author
M.
Kabiri
author
MS.
Shahrabadi
author
S.
Akbari
author
N.
Iranpoor
author
M.
Motamedifar
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Sodium valproate (VPA), an anticonvalsant drug, has been reported to stimulate viral replication. A combination therapy with VPA and acyclovir (ACV) is used for the treatment of herpesvirus encephalitis, the commonest sporadic encephalitis of viral origin. Objective: To determine a possible interaction between VPA and ACV leading to a modification of antiviral activity of ACV. Methods: Cultured Hela cells were treated with 5mM of ACV and various concentrations of VPA followed by infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Virus replication was monitored by quantal assay. Further investigations comprised electron microscopy, immunoperoxidase and immunoblot procedures. Possible chemical interaction between VPA and ACV was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Results: Combined treatment of infected cells with ACV and VPA revealed 50- to 250-fold potentiation of antiviral activity of ACV by increasing VPA concentrations. Examination by NMR spectrometer showed a strong chemical interaction between amino groups of ACV and carboxyl part of VPA. Conclusion: The present in vitro studies should be paralleled by appropriate in vivo investigations, and if substantiated, a combination therapy with ACV and VPA may supersede single ACV therapy for herpesvirus encephalitis. Further studies are thus needed to establish which of VPA metabolites or newly-formed compounds is accountable for augmentation of antiviral effect of ACV.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
180
187
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40286_8a466262118e074dea6ad386dedf6fbe.pdf
Role of Local Nerves and Prostaglandins in Regulation of Basal Blood Flow and Hypercapnic Vasodilatation of Cerebral Blood Vessels in the Rabbit
H.
Najafipour
author
M.
Yeganeh Hadj Ahmadi
author
A.
Vakili
author
text
article
2015
eng
The mechanisms underlying cerebral vasodilatation during hypercapnia are not fully understood. To examine the role of nerves and prostaglandins in the regulation of basal blood flow and in hypercapnia-induced vasodilatation in the cerebral blood vessels of rabbit.Cerebral blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flow-meter in 18 NZW rabbits anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Tetrodetoxin was administered locally and indomethacin (a prostaglandin inhibitor) both locally and systemically before and during induction of hypercapnia. Basal cerebral blood flow did not change significantly in response to local tetrodetoxin, and also after local and systemic administration of indomethacin. Hypercapnia increased cerebral blood flow by 25.9±3.9% before and by 24.3±6.5% after administration of TTX and by 22.1±7.1% before and by 18.2±6.3% after administration of indomethacin. In the rabbit, prostaglandin and regional nerves had no role in regulation of basal cerebral blood flow, nor did they contribute to cerebral vascular dilatation during hypercapnia.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
188
190
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40274_c16461eb04fa72593b75944497dbe9ef.pdf
Nasopharyngeal Pentastomiasis (Halzoun): Report of 3 Cases
MR.
Siavashi
author
M.
Assmar
author
A.
Vatankhah
author
text
article
2015
eng
A three-member family from Tehran referred with variety of nasopharyngeal symptoms including sneezing, coughing and nasal discharge following consumption of barbecued liver (Kabab). Thirteen worm-like nymphs of Linguatula serrata were separated from larynx, nose and gum of these patients. The adult parasites live in the nose and paranasal sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. Although this infection is rare, in population who have the habit of consuming undercooked internal organs of herbivorous animals the physicians should consider its probability.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
191
192
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40275_81077876220202b4d72223a0b7fd211e.pdf
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia in an 11-Year-Old Boy
A.
Karimi
author
A.
Nateghian
author
text
article
2015
eng
Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare and serious disease mostly encountered in female asthmatic patients in their fifth decade of life and rarely in children. Herein, we describe an 11-year-old boy presenting with clubbing of fingers and post-exertional cough without asthma and peripheral eosinophilia. He had had a restrictive pattern in his pulmonary function test that showed a dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
193
195
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40278_d2ed022f4b04c4f9270b28a8955cdc66.pdf
Aggressive Recurrent Odontogenic Ghost Tumor with Cranial Invasion.
A.
Hossein Zadeh
author
P.
Deihimy
author
text
article
2015
eng
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a unique odontogenic lesion with combined features of a cyst and neoplasm. This lesion shows a great diversity in its clinicopathological behavior. It may become aggressive and rarely malignant. This case is an aggressive COC of the maxilla in a young male patient which recurred after several radical surgical excisions. Eventually invading the cranium, the lesion neither responded to surgical excision nor to radiotherapy.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
196
198
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40281_56e2b710eebe2c8ea7a7e6ff0ca830fb.pdf
Infant Feeding Pattern and Frequency of Oral Candidiasis
T.
Khadivzadeh
author
S.
Ebrahimzadeh
author
text
article
2015
eng
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
199
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40276_8ff2abf4db28d9e95d3bf42642a0dfde.pdf
Sadreddin Mohseni Ardehali (1941-2002)
M.
Vessal
author
text
article
2015
eng
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
27
v.
4
no.
2015
200
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40279_67f12fa2d128d6d958a4f986c04ef6d3.pdf