@article { author = {Ghasemi, A. and Sadidi, A. and Asgari, A. and Khoshbaten, A.}, title = {Effect of Paraoxon on GABA Uptake by Rat Cerebral Cortex Synaptosomes}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {125-130}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: It has been suggested that organophosphates may inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in synaptosomal preparations. In the present investigation, we have assessed the interaction between paraoxon and the GABA system at synaptic level. Methods: Synaptosomes were prepared from male Wistar rats (200-250 g). Cerebral cortex was dissected and homogenized, then centrifuged at 1000g for 5 min and again at 12000g for 20 min. The pellet containing synaptosomes was resuspended in the buffer solution and the protein concentration adjusted at 1 mg/ml. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as a biochemical index for synaptosomal integrity, was assessed. Cholinesterase activity of synaptosomes was also determined. Synaptosomes were preincubated for 20 min with two concentrations of paraoxon (10-9-10-3M), and then incubated with [3H]GABA for 10 min, before being washed through 0.65 μm filters. Results: Paraoxon inhibited cholinesterase activity of synaptosomes in a concentration dependent manner. Synaptosomal accumulation of [3H] GABA/GABA was time dependent and peaked at 15 min. Paraoxon significantly increased the uptake in nano molar concentrations and decreased it at higher concentrations. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that in synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebral cortex paraoxon increases GABA uptake at low dose and inhibits its uptake at high doses. This may imply a role for organophosphate-induced convulsion, which needs further clarification. }, keywords = {Synaptosome,GABA,organophosphate,paraoxon}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40030.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40030_cbf41bc819837a9c588f8c9f2bb39aba.pdf} } @article { author = {Moattari, A. and Kadivar, M.R. and Mokhtari Azad, T.}, title = {Seasonal Outbreak of Influenza A virus Infection in Pediatric Age Groups During 2004-2005 in South of Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {131-134}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The pandemic and regional influenza outbreaks resulting from antigenic variation of influenza viruses have been the subject of numerous studies which are crucial to the preparation of the vaccine. Frequent global winter outbreaks of influenza viruses require a constant surveillance of emerging influenza variants in order to develop efficient influenza vaccine. Methods: This study was conducted from December 2004 to March 2005, during an outbreak of influenza in 300 children of one to 15-year-old. MDCK cells grown in microwell plates inoculated with pharyngeal swabs. Hemagglutination (HA) of guinea pig erythrocytes by viral isolates was used for initial screening of influenza viruses. The final viral identification was performed by HA inhibition test using reference antisera prepared against WHO reference antigens. Results: Based on the results of HA tests with culture fluid of  MDCK inoculated with 300 pharyngeal swabs, 31 (10.3%) of the specimens were suspected to contain influenza viruses of which 10 proved to be either A/H1N1 or A/H3N2 subtypes. by reacting against aforementioned antisera in HA inhibition test. H3N2 subtype prevailed until January 2005 and mostly affected children of younger age, whereas viruses emerging subsequently were only of H1N1 subtype and predominantly isolated from children of older age. Conclusion: A/H3N2 isolate appears to be antigenically different from corresponding reference antigen. This is evident by a 16-fold reduction in antibody titer by using reference antiserum against A/H3N2 Isolate (1:8), as compared to that of reference antigen antibody (1:128). }, keywords = {Human influenza,Vaccine,H3N2,H1N1,pediatric}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40034.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40034_fb5403a10ca3db043d33f95d5c054890.pdf} } @article { author = {Shoja-Shafti, S.}, title = {Treatment-Responsiveness of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A double-blind placebo-control clinical trial}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {135-138}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain a major clinical challenge. Nortriptyline is a serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor and belongs to secondary amine tricycles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nortriptyline on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods: This study is a six-week randomized placebo-control trial of nortriptyline or placebo as an adjunctive to haloperidol (5 mg) in the treatment of 50 patients with Diagnostic and statistical manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for chronic schizophrenia. Result: The primary finding of the trial was a significant reduction in Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in the nortriptyline group compared to placebo at the end of 6 week. All the subscales of SANS demonstrate significant improvement. Conclusion: This study suggests a potential role for nortriptyline in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. }, keywords = {Schizophrenia,negative symptom,nortriptyline}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40037.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40037_5ee743697c72a356f5dde06367e47fe6.pdf} } @article { author = {Maghsoudi, B. and Chohedri, A. and Nasser Al-Shreafi, A.A.}, title = {Postoperative Hypoxemia and Oxygen Need in Bakers Compared with Cigarette and Water Pipe Smokers}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {139-142}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after general anesthesia. It usually takes longer to recover in individuals with respiratory problems. Bakers may suffer from respiratory problems such as asthma. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of hypoxemia and duration of supplemental oxygen administration during recovery from general anesthesia in bakers and smokers. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients (55-70 years) undergone elective eye surgeries were assigned to four groups (n=30 each) of cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers, bakers, and controls. Method of anesthesia was routine and the same in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia in recovery room was assessed and the duration of supplemental O2 to treat hypoxemia was measured in each group. Results Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was above 92% before anesthesia in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in bakers (60%) compared to cigarette smokers (36.6%), water pipe smokers (40%) or controls (30%). Mean duration of supplemental O2 administration was shorter in the control group (14±9 min) compared to those of cigarette smokers (30±16 min), water pipe smokers (28±14 min) or bakers (34±10 min). Conclusion Bakers are more prone to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia than smokers or normal subjects. However, both bakers and smokers will need careful SaO2 monitoring and longer duration of supplemental O2 administration during recovery from general anesthesia if hypoxemia occurs. }, keywords = {smoker,baker,Postoperative period,hypoxemia,oxygen therapy}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40039.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40039_d8921dc3c5be3820cf6d9463050d87a6.pdf} } @article { author = {Boskabady, M.H. and Rakhshandah, H. and Afiat, M. and Aelami, Z. and Amiri, S.}, title = {Antitussive Effect of Plantago lanceolata in Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {143-146}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Several therapeutic effects including anti-asthma and dyspnea have been described for Plantago lanceolata. In the present study the antitussive effect of this plant was evaluated. Methods: The antitussive effects of aerosols of two different concentrations of Soxhlet and macerated ethanolic extracts, codeine and saline were tested by counting the number of coughs produced due to aerosol of citric acid 10 min after exposing the animal to aerosols of different solutions (n=8 for each solution). Results: The results showed significant reductions of cough number observed in the presence of both concentrations of Soxhlet and macerated extracts of Plantago lanceolata as compared to saline treated group (p <0.001). The reduced cough number observed in the presence of higher concentrations of extracts was not significantly different from that of lower concentrations of LP. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the cough numbers observed in the presence of both concentrations of the extracts with that of codeine. Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of Plantago lanceolata have antitussive effects comparable with that of codeine.}, keywords = {Plantago lanceolata,antitussive effect,guinea pig,Citric acid,codeine}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40040.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40040_d878c6269305f6d3dff099ed39937418.pdf} } @article { author = {Reihani Kermani, H. and Malekpour Afshar, R. and Nakhaee, N.}, title = {Effects of Morphine Dependency on Intervertebral Disc in the Rat}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {147-150}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: A large proportion of patients presenting with lumbar disc disease are opium addicts in our region. It was, therefore, hypothesized that morphine might affect the intervertebral disc. We investigated the histological findings of morphine dependency on intervertebral discs in rat. Methods: Forty NMRI adult male rats (230-250 g) placed on ordinary diet and received aqueous solution of morphine. The solution contained 0.1mg/ml on the first day which gradually increased to 0.3 mg/ml during the first week, then continued at 0.4 mg/ml for four, seven and 11 weeks. Morphine dependency was confirmed by the presence of withdrawal syndromes using intraperitoneal naloxone at the end of each period. The H&E stained tissues were used to study the structure of disc and evaluation of degenerative changes. Results: Except for vascular proliferation of nucleus pulposus, an increase in the rate of matrix fibrillation, fibrosis, hyalinization, and dehiscence of nucleus pulposus was seen in morphine dependent rats compared with control group although it was not statistically significant possibly owing to relatively low sample size which limited the power to precisely reveal the difference. The duration of dependency did not affect the pathologic markers. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that morphine dependency induces some pathologic changes in the intervertebral disc of the rat. Further investigation into degenerative markers with larger sample size is required. }, keywords = {addiction,intervertebral disc,degeneration,Morphine}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40041.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40041_1dceff5d7f22015fb479d0f1504fc492.pdf} } @article { author = {Nazem, Kh. and Mehrbod, M. and Borjian, A. and Sadeghian, H.}, title = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with or without Bracing}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {151-155}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) would cause instability and disability and if left untreated. Reconstruction is performed by different techniques including patellar bone graft, as the strongest device. Application of brace after ACL reconstructions has revealed doubtful results. Methods: One hundred ACL ruptured patients randomized into two groups were reconstructed with autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts followed for 12 months. Of these, only 50 patients used braces after operation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in range of motions, complications and quadriceps atrophy after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients with no braces returned to their job and had better work performance with less patellofemoral pain at the follow up visits (p <0.05). Conclusion The results of the present study are in favor of not using braces after ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.  }, keywords = {BPB graft,ACL,brace,Range of Motion,quadriceps atrophy}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40042.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40042_473a51f5a453995a1fc7ed6277d42be1.pdf} } @article { author = {Cohan, N. and Zandieh, T. and Samiei, Sh. and Ataie, Z. and Kavari, M.}, title = {The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis B and C Coinfection}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {156-158}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: HBV and HCV coinfection is common, particularly in endemic areas and among high risk groups. In this study we have investigated the prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection and compared the biochemical and serological characteristics of such patients compare with the patients having hepatitis C infection alone. Methods: We studied 207 patients diagnosed as having chronic hepatitis C, with HCVAb and HCV-RNA, to detect HBsAg, HBcAb and HBV-DNA. HBsAg and HBcAb were detected by commercially available ELISA kits. HBV-DNA was evaluated using PCR methods and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were measured by automated instruments. Results: Twenty three of the 207 patients (11.1%) were positive for HBV-DNA (coinfection). Of these 23 patients, 17 were HBsAg negative. Twenty six of the HCV infected patients were HBcAb positive of whom 21 had coinfection. This finding showed the significant prevalence of coinfection that many of these subjects may not be found by routine serological methods. Biochemical parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Coinfection of HBV and HCV occurs frequently. Detection of this form of infection can significantly affect the management and the treatment of these patients. }, keywords = {HBV,HCV,Coinfection,prevalence,PCR}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40043.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40043_eba9eaa77d7538143782ef0517658ec6.pdf} } @article { author = {Eghtedari, M. and Kazemzadeh, E. Sh.}, title = {ß-tricalcium Phosphate Granules as an Alternative Material for Ocular Implantation}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {159-164}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Some types of implants used for orbital implantation have side effects and complications. In this study we have evaluated beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP: ChronOS) granules as an orbital implant. Methods: Eighteen rabbits randomly allocated to four groups. Right eye enucleation performed in groups I to III followed by filling with autologous bone particles (n=5), a mixture of autologous bone particles and pure ß-TCP granules (n=5), a mixture of autologous bone marrow and pure ß-TCP granules (n=5). Right eye evisceration was done in group IV (n=3), and then filled with one of the aforementioned materials used in groups I, II and III. After 12 weeks, exenterated contents were compared by determining the volumes of the globes, area densitometry using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: There was no significant difference between the volumes of enucleated globes before (groups I: 2.6±0.39, II: 2.6±0.12 and III: 2.5±0.3 (ml) and after surgery; (groups I: 2.5±0.4, II: 2.50±0.2 and III: 2.4±0.3). There was also no significant differences among the densities of exenterated contents of all groups; (I: 175±3, II: 165±1 and III: 174±3 mg/cm2). In all enucleated groups, histopathologic evaluations showed remarkable vascularization and fibrous ingrowth which were remarkable in eviscerated group. No significant complication was observed. Conclusion: ß-TCP granules offer good cosmetic results with low risk of infection and extrusion. However, further studies are required before they can be used in human as a new orbital implant. }, keywords = {ß-tricalcium Phosphate,Enucleation,Ocular implants}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40044.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40044_abcbe70de23332fe965943bf1ad3c6a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Karamizadeh, Z. and Jalaeian, H. and Kashef, M.A. and Ebrahimi, M.}, title = {Birth Weight and Childhood Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study in Shiraz, South of Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {164-166}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {To determine the relation between birth weight and age of presentation of type 1 diabetes and assess its risk factors, a case-control study was done on all diabetic patients under the age of 15, who were registered in Shiraz Diabetic Center or admitted in Namazi Hospital. A case group of 87 diabetic patients were matched with a control group of 100 healthy individuals. Birth weight ≥ 4kg was determined to be a risk factor for diabetes (odds ratio: 2.04). A weak association was found between birth weight ≤ 2.4 kg and diabetes development. }, keywords = {birth weight,Diabetes Mellitus Type 1,Risk factors}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40031.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40031_707a8cc99689f3d0f84b5f5982d7d2a7.pdf} } @article { author = {Kardar, G.A. and Pourpak, Z. and Jafarzadeh Fard, G. and Eshraghian, M.R. and Shams, S.}, title = {Total IgE Levels in Healthy Children in Tehran, Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {167-169}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Determining the normal range of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in any population is important for diagnosis of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine normal values of IgE in children living in Tehran. Two-handed and fifty six healthy children aged one month to 14 years were selected. These children had neither parasitic infections nor atopic disease. They were divided into six groups and the total serum IgE levels were measured by ELISA methods. The references range of the IgE levels were 0.1-25, 0.8-162, 0.6-184, 3-221, 2.9-501 and 2-316 KU/L in age groups as follows:}, keywords = {IgE,Normal values,Air Pollution}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40035.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40035_d02d986f4d453f669dffd26fcbcee0c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Janghorban, R. and Ziaei, S. and Faghihzade, S.}, title = {Evaluation of Serum Copper Level in Pregnant Women with High Hemoglobin}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {170-172}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Adverse outcomes of pregnancy increase among women with high density of hemoglobin. This study evaluates the effects of iron supplementation on serum copper level in pregnant women with hemoglobin higher than 13.2 g/dl. Sixty two pregnant women with Hemoglobin >13.2 g/dl and normal serum copper levels in their 13-18 weeks of gestation were randomized into case and control groups. From 20th week till the end of the pregnancy ferrous sulfate tablets (150 mg tablet, containing 50 mg elemental iron) were given to the case group whereas, the controls received daily placebo tablets. Hemoglobin and serum copper levels were measured during the weeks of 24 to 28 (first trimester) and 32 to 36 (second trimester). Serum copper level of the case group during the second and third trimester was significantly lower than of the control group. It is concluded that, iron supplementation in pregnant women with hemoglobin above 13.2 g/dl possibility increases the risk of copper deficiency. }, keywords = {Pregnancy,Hemoglobin,Copper}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40038.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40038_4dd45703b9e72154085a63be34257c86.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayatollahi, J.}, title = {Sporotrichoid Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {173-175}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {More than 90% of patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis live in Afghanistan, the Middle East, Algeria, Brazil, and Peru. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran is caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. Most skin lesions evolve from papular to nodular, to ulcerative form with a central depression surrounded by a raised indurate border. Some lesions persist as nodules or plaques. Multiple primary lesions, satellite lesion, regional adenopathy and sporotrichoid subcutaneous nodules are variably present. This report presents an 18-yr-old man with sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis that is not common in the centralIran. }, keywords = {Sporotrichoid,Cutaneous,Leishmaniasis,Iran}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40032.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40032_4bedf3a1b208b34d06b8e16bfcef6481.pdf} } @article { author = {Firoozabadi, A. and Taghavi, M. and Mozafarian, K.}, title = {Psycho-flexed Hand Associated with Conversion Reaction: A Case Report}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {176-178}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Conversion disorder is an illness which manifests itself as Pseudoneurologic syndromes that hides an emotional conflict. This disorder covers 5 to 15 percent of the psychiatric consultations. In this case report, a young Iranian woman who was referred due to flexion contracture of the left wrist and inability to open her hand voluntarily is presented. During the course of therapy, some evidences in favor of existence of a significant emotional conflict were detected. Through hypnosis she was able to open her hand for a while, however after a few days it was returned to the previous position. It seems a more sophisticated approach that uncovers and resolves her intrapsychic conflicts should be recruited for successful treatment. }, keywords = {Conversion disorder,psycho-flexed hand,Hypnosis}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40036.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40036_1c3c2fe2a7fa4d93041495318af06bde.pdf} } @article { author = {Adesiyun, A.G. and Charles, A.}, title = {Female Sterilization in Northern Nigeria}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {179-179}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Dear Editor, Female sterilization is the most widely used method of family planning.1,2 However, the reluctance to accept family limitation as normal and the deep seated aversion to surgery has affected its practice on a large scale in Nigeria.3 Ignorance and superstition based on religious and ancient principles are contributory.4We undertook a descriptive analysis of 102 female participants who were sterilized over a five-year period. Total deliveries during this period were 9,946. The participants were divided into three cohorts. The first cohort consisted of 60 (59%) participants who had been sterilized during caesarean section. The second cohort consisted of 28 (28%) patients had been sterilized during surgery for repair of ruptured uterus and the third cohort consisted of 14 (14%) participants had been sterilized on request. Overall, in all three cohorts, the indications for sterilization were completion of family size in 55 (54%) patients and prevention of future obstetric complications or multiple caesarean sections in 47 (46%) patients.Age, parity and level of literacy were effective factors on making the decision to have sterilization. In this study, the higher the age, parity and the level of literacy, the more likelihood the patients/participants would accept sterilization. This finding was similar to what was reported by Mitchel et al.5 We also found aversion for surgery and the cost were two major factors affecting the desire for sterilization, which was similar to what was reported in Zimbabwe.5Having considered this background, a novel sterilization method that will be cheap, easy to perform and does not require general anesthesia can enhance the acceptability of sterilization. Public health enlightenment directed through our traditional and religious institutions and religious re-orientation is a necessary step toward the acceptance of sterilization as a method of contraception. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40033.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40033_182b92dcc393578e2687a7c9bb2e1f5a.pdf} }