@article { author = {Mehrzad, Raman and Spodick, David H.}, title = {Interatrial Block: A Virtual Pandemic Requiring Attention}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {84-93}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Interatrial block (IAB) denotes a conduction delay between the two atria (P-wave duration ≥110 ms). Depending on the severity of the block, IAB can be partial or advanced. Even though several studies have reported a high prevalence of IAB, it still remains a diagnosis many neglect without any follow-up. The crisis in IAB is undramatic until predictable complications appear. Nevertheless, the danger in IAB is real because of the major associations with multiple medical conditions, including atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemia, left atrial enlargement, and systemic emboli. There are different treatment options for IAB to eliminate its consequences, including pacing and medical management with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Pacing has been shown to give promising results and could potentially prevent conditions related to cardiovascular disease such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Given the high prevalence of IAB, together with its potentially serious consequences, and yet being largely ignored, we stress attention to this potentially dangerous pandemic and raise consideration for further investigations.}, keywords = {Electrocardiography,Pandemic,Atrium,Block}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39585.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39585_a8a0c097145939f640a6c6294e92b154.pdf} } @article { author = {Ziabakhsh-Tabary, Shervin and Jalalian, Rozita and Mokhtari-Esbuie, Farzad and Habibi, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effects of a Single Bolus of Erythropoietin on Reducing Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery; A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Control Study}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {94-101}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Erythropoietin (EPO) is known as a regulating hormone for the production of red blood cells, called erythropoiesis. Some studies have shown that EPO exerts some non-hematopoietic protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in myocytes. Using echocardiography, we evaluated the effect of EPO infusion on reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries and improvement of the cardiac function shortly after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).Methods: Forty-three patients were recruited in this study and randomly divided into two groups: the EPO group, receiving standard medication and CABG surgery plus EPO (700 IU/kg), and the control group, receiving standard medication and CABG surgery plus normal saline (10 cc) as placebo. The cardiac function was assessed through echocardiography before as well as at 4 and 30 days after CABG.Results: Echocardiography indicated that the ejection fraction had no differences between the EPO and control groups at 4 days (47.05±6.29 vs. 45.90±4.97; P=0.334) and 30 days after surgery (47.27±28 vs. 46.62±5.7; P=0.69). There were no differences between the EPO and control groups in the wall motion score index at 4 (P=0.83) and 30 days after surgery (P=0.902). In the EPO group, there was a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters (LVESD and LVEDD, respectively), as compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our results indicated that perioperative exogenous EPO infusion could not improve the ventricular function and wall motion index in the immediate post-CABG weeks. Nevertheless, a reduction in LVEDD and LVESD at 4 days and 30 days after CABG in the EPO group, by comparison with the control group, suggested that EPO correlated with a reduction in the remodeling of myocytes and reperfusion injuries early after CABG.Trial Registration Number: 138809102799N1}, keywords = {Erythropoietin,Ischemia,Reperfusion injury,Coronary artery bypass graft}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39586.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39586_1b02a082b471d9d268b7a30374a6f723.pdf} } @article { author = {Talebnejad, Mohammad Reza and Roustaei, Gholam Abbas and Khalili, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Monocular Elevation Deficiency: A Case Series of Surgical Outcome}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {102-106}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Inferior rectus recession, Knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (MED). Only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. In this study, we report our experience with patients with MED focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the south of Iran. Methods: In this case series, a computerized database review on 4773 patients with strabismus was performed and 18 patients diagnosed as having MED who had undergone strabismus surgery were enrolled.Results: Of the 18 patients, 13 had only hypotropia and 5 had horizontal deviation as well. Preoperative vertical deviation was between 15 and 60 prism diopter (mean±SD=25.8±10.7 PD). Fourteen patients had positive forced duction test on elevation. Seventeen patients had ptosis twelve of them had true ptosis and the remaining 5 had pseudoptosis). The mean postoperative follow-up was 24.4 months. Four patients underwent Knapp procedure, 12 patients underwent inferior rectus recession, and for 2 patients a combined procedure was performed. The mean postoperative hypotropia was 6.1±7.9 PD. Twelve out of the 18 patients were corrected to within five PD of orthophoria and no one was found with overcorrection. Conclusion: Although MED is etiologically multifactorial, satisfactory surgical results can be achieved by judicious selection of the surgical technique based on the results of the forced duction test.}, keywords = {Monocular elevation deficiency,Strabismus,Surgery,Recession}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39590.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39590_6b22a8610f9a68f9fb46c074b3f008fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Eslaminejad, Mohamadreza Baghaban and Fallah, Nasrin}, title = {Small Molecule-BIO Accelerates and Enhances Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Vitro Chondrogenesis}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {107-116}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Hyaline cartilage defects exhibit a major challenge in the field of orthopedic surgery owing to its limited repair capacity. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as potent cells with a property of cartilage regeneration. We aimed to optimize marrow-derived MSC chondrogenic culture using a small bioactive molecule referred to as BIO. Methods: MSCs from the marrow of NMRI mice were extracted, culture-expanded, and characterized. Micro-mass culture was then established for chondrogenic differentiation (control group). The cultures of MSC in chondrogenic medium supplemented with 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1 µM BIO were taken as the experimental groups. Cartilage differentiation was examined by both histological sections and real-time PCR for Sox9, aggrecan, and collagen II at different time points. Moreover, the involvement of the Wnt pathway was investigated. Results: Based on histological sections, there was seemingly more intense metachromatic matrix produced in the cultures with 0.01 µM BIO. In this experimental group, cartilage-specific genes tended to be upregulated at day 14 compared to day 21 of the control group, indicating the accelerating effect of BIO on cartilage differentiation. Overall, there was statistically a significant increase (P=0.01) in the expression level of cartilage-specific genes in cultures with 0.01 µM BIO (enhancing effects). These upregulations appeared to be mediated through the Wnt pathway evident from the significant upregulation of T-cell factor and beta-catenin molecules (P=0.01). Conclusion: Taken together, BIO at 0.01 µM could accelerate and enhance in vitro chondrogenesis of mouse marrow-derived MSCs.}, keywords = {Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Mouse,6-bromoindirubin-3 -oxim}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39593.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39593_398611cb3310ef0f1b81cb1b1d19c4d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghahramani, Leila and Yazdani, Saeed and Derakhshani, Saeed and Rezaianzadeh, Abbas and Jalli, Reza and Geramizadeh, Bita and Safarpour, Ali Reza and Rahimikazerooni, Salar and Hosseini, Seyed Vahid}, title = {Interposition of Ileal J-Pouch for Rectum Reconstruction in Dog}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {117-122}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The gold standard of the management of rectal cancer in the middle and lower parts is low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis. About 50% of the patients undergoing this procedure might experience some complications because of the low capacity of the neorectum. The aim of this study was to evaluate ileal J-pouch interposition as a neorectum between the anal canal and the remaining colon in comparison to coloanal anastomosis and transverse coloplasty. Methods: Twelve dogs, weighing 23-27 kg, were divided into three groups. After laparotomy, the volume of the primary rectum was measured so that it could be compared with that of the neorectum at the end of the study. After rectal resection in Group A, the colon was directly anastomosed to the anus. In Group B, a 5-cm longitudinal incision was made 2 cm proximal to the anastomosis and was sutured transversely (coloplasty). In Group C, a 5-cm ileal J-pouch was interposed between the colon and anus. After 8 weeks, the neorectum was evaluated for volume, radiology, and pathology.Results: All the samples were alive until the end of the study. The healing of the anastomotic lines was acceptable (pathologically) in all. The mean volume expansion was 20.9% in Group A, 21.7% in Group B, and 118.2% in Group C, with the latter being significantly higher than that of the other groups (P=0.03). Colon J-pouch and coloplasty after proctectomy in some situations have not been performable. This study evaluated the performance of ileal J-pouch interposition. Conclusion: This study showed that ileal J-pouch interposition might produce an acceptable reservoir function and that it seems feasible and safe in selected cases.}, keywords = {Rectum,Ileal pouch,Reconstruction}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39594.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39594_9da354982e3fc80a7f0fc6f263967135.pdf} } @article { author = {Hajizadeh, Mohammad Reza and Eftekhar, Ebrahim and Zal, Fatemeh and Jafarian, Aida and Mostafavi-Pour, Zohreh}, title = {Mulberry Leaf Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Testosterone Depletion in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {123-129}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: It has been proposed that oxidative stress may contribute to the development of testicular abnormalities in diabetes. Morus alba leaf extract (MAE) has hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. We, therefore, explored the impact of the administration of MAE on steroidogenesis in diabetic rats. Methods: To address this hypothesis, we measured the serum level of glucose, insulin, and free testosterone (Ts) as well as oxidative stress parameters (including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde) in the testis of control, untreated and MAE-treated (1 g/day/kg) diabetic rats. In order to determine the likely mechanism of MAE action on Ts levels, we analyzed the quantitative mRNA expression level of the two key steroidogenic proteins, namely steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), by real-time PCR.Results: The MAE-treated diabetic rats had significantly decreased glucose levels and on the other hand increased insulin and free Ts levels than the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, the administration of MAE to the diabetic rats restored the oxidative stress parameters toward control. Induction of diabetes decreased testicular StAR mRNA expression by 66% and MAE treatment enhanced mRNA expression to the same level of the control group. However, the expression of P540scc was not significantly decreased in the diabetic group as compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that MAE significantly increased Ts production in the diabetic rats, probably through the induction of StAR mRNA expression levels. Administration of MAE to experimental models of diabetes can effectively attenuate oxidative stress-mediated testosterone depletion.}, keywords = {diabetes mellitus,Morus alba,Oxidative stress,Testosterone}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39595.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39595_fd898af5014cab1487094e6e979d9406.pdf} } @article { author = {Nekooeian, Ali Akbar and Eftekhari, Mohammad Hassan and Adibi, Soroor and Rajaeifard, Abdloreza}, title = {Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Insulin Release in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {130-135}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2014.39596}, abstract = {Background: Pomegranate seed oil and its main constituent, punicic acid, have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and have antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of pomegranate seed oil on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: Six groups (n=8 each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats, comprising a control, a diabetic (induced by Streptozocin and Nicotinamide) receiving water as vehicle, a diabetic receiving pomegranate seed oil (200 mg/kg/day), a diabetic receiving pomegranate seed oil (600 mg/kg/day), a diabetic receiving soybean oil (200 mg/kg/day), and a diabetic receiving soybean oil (600 mg/kg/day), were used. After 28 days of receiving vehicle or oils, blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid profile were determined. Results: The diabetic rats had significantly higher levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde and lower levels of serum insulin and glutathione peroxidase. Rats treated with pomegranate seed oil had significantly higher levels of serum insulin and glutathione peroxidase activity, and there were no statistically significant differences in terms of blood glucose between them and the diabetic control group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that pomegranate seed oil improved insulin secretion without changing fasting blood glucose.}, keywords = {Punicic acid,Diabetes,Insulin}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39596.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39596_3d4c36138d84227e65497e174ee65615.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdavi-Zafarghandi, Reza and Seyedi, Ali}, title = {Treatment of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis: Sertraline for Non-Responders to Desmopressin}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {136-139}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the challenges in the management of primary monosymptomatic enuresis (PME), especially in adolescents, is response failure to medical regimens such as desmopressin. This prospective study aimed at addressing the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of 25 adolescents (13-18 year old) with PME having experienced failure to previous desmopressin therapy. Patients were recommended to take one oral tablet of sertraline (50 mg) every morning after meal for 3 months. The patients were followedup every 6 weeks, the final visit being 6 months after treatment termination. Comparing the number of wet nights in the pretreatment nocturnal records with the follow-up visits revealed a significant reduction (P=0.01). The primary efficacy outcome was achieved in 18 (72%) of the 25 patients; 12 patients had full response, whereas six patients showed partial response. Four (16%) of the 25 children presented with a relapse after 6 months of follow-up. Drug-related adverse events were rare. Sertraline effectively reduced the number of wet episodes in adolescents with PME who had experienced failure to desmopressin therapy. With respect to the favorable efficacy outcome of this medication and the scarce drug-related adverse effects, sertraline can be proposed as a novel treatment for PME.}, keywords = {Nocturnal enuresis,Sertraline,Adolescent}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39587.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39587_42ff72e6fb3de21a7b9a2f5350e58ef8.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayati, Mohsen and Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza and Jamshidian, Hassan and Ayati, Elnaz and Zarghan, Farhad}, title = {Prevalence of Lymph Node Metastasis in Radical Prostatectomy; A Retrospective and Multicenter Study in Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {140-143}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Lymph node (LN) metastasis is considered an important prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of LN metastasis among an Iranian population who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with pelvic LN dissection (PLND). In a retrospective review of medical records, 450 RP cases were included and the data on LN metastasis were extracted from surgical pathology reports.Overall, 4.7% of the patients had LN metastasis. The rate of surgical stage T3 (50% vs. 13.5%; P=0.021) and pathological Gleason score ³7 (82.4% vs. 48.8%; P=0.002) was significantly higher among LN-positive patients. All patients with LN metastasis had a serum prostate specific antigen level >4 ng/ml.The diagnosis of prostate cancer is in an acceptable, but not ideal, stage of the disease; this may be due to screening examinations and tests.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,Prostatectomy,Lymph node dissection}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39591.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39591_74b2204bfcc6d984229c3a8932cdb821.pdf} } @article { author = {Kadivar, Maliheh and Sangsari, Razieh and Alavi, Azin}, title = {Prenatal Diagnosis of Granular Cell Tumor}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {144-147}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Congenital granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare intraoral benign tumor, approximately 200 cases of which have been reported in the neonatal period worldwide. The newborn infant may have feeding problems and respiratory difficulties due to airway obstruction. This lesion may be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography and simple resection is mostly required. We report a case of an adult type of GCT in a newly born infant, who presented with an intraoral protruding mass with a prenatal diagnosis. This article describes the prenatal course, clinical, and pathological characteristics, and management of the GCT.}, keywords = {Gingiva,Granular cell tumor,Newborn,Prenatal diagnosis}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39588.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39588_7eefae5d6a57fc64d60b29d9987906a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Bachh, Arshad Altaf and Pulluri, Sridhar and Beigh, Aadil and Raju, Chippa and Deshpande, Ranganath}, title = {Pulmonary Aplasia with Unusual Associations in a Woman}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {148-151}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {}, abstract = {Failure of development of the primitive lung bud leads to an extremely rare congenital anomaly with a prevalence of 34 per 10 lac live births termed pulmonary aplasia. In half of such cases, associated congenital malformations of the cardiovascular, skeletal, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary systems are present. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is defined as the congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper two thirds of the vagina with normal secondary sexual characteristics, ovaries, and a normal karyotype (46, XX). We report an extremely rare association of right lung aplasia, MRKH syndrome, and right renal agenesis with left pelvic kidney, which to the best of our knowledge is the first such association reported.}, keywords = {Lung agenesis,Renal agenesis,Müllerian anomalies}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39592.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39592_a35442a03c7e818bca7b5ab2cae87434.pdf} } @article { author = {Izadi, Sadegh and Nikseresht, Alireza and Sharifia, Maryam and Sahraian, Mohammad Ali and Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza and Aghighi, Mohammad and Heidary, Alireza}, title = {Significant Increase in the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran in 2011}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {152-153}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {0253-0716}, eissn = {1735-3688}, doi = {10.30476/ijms.2014.39589}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39589.html}, eprint = {https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39589_c2859a1b7c84ba5d7444c1fb7c3018f0.pdf} }