eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
1
5
40060
Original Article(s)
Protective Effect of H pylori Infection in Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users
S, Heidari
beheidari@yahoo.com
1
Sh, Savadkouhi
2
Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and H pylori infection are two major causes of peptic ulcers. This study investigates the effect of H pylori infection and NSAIDs on gastroduodenal damages and bleeding (GIB). Methods: 104 patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and 102 patients with dyspepsia without bleeding were studied. Duodenal (DU) and gastric ulcers (GU) were identified by endoscopy and H pylori infection by histologic examination of biopsy samples. Association of NSAID and H pylori with DU, GU and/or GIB was determined by calculation of odds ratio. Results: The percentages of NSAID-users in patients with and without GIB were 50% and 34% respectively. DU and GU were more frequent in patients with GIB than those without bleeding (P<0.001). In NSAID-users, the percentages of DU as well as GIB were significantly higher as compared with non-users (P<0.02). Concerning H pylori-infected as compared to non-infected patients, the prevalence of DU was significantly higher (P<0.000). The percentage of GU was significantly lower (P<0.02). DU was significantly higher in NSAID-users who were infected with H pylori than those of non-infected (P<0.001), but such a relationship was reversed with respect to GU (P<0.015). However, the rate of GIB in this group was not decreased significantly. Conclusion: H pylori infection increased the risk of DU in NSAID users, whereas, it decreased the risks of GU and GIB in NSAID and GU in non users.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 1-5. Keywords ● NSAID ● H pylori ● Peptic ulcer ● Bleeding
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40060_22123ac9385df88c0e4e4b5e9ab47155.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
6
9
40065
Original Article(s)
Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Immunoglobulin M and A in Graves’ Disease
H. Mostafavi
ha_mostafavi@yahoo.com
1
Background: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of antibodies directed to TSH receptor or nearby regions as well as antibodies to double strands DNA (dsDNA) anticardiolipin and nuclear antibodies. This study evaluated anticardiolipin and rheumatoid factor, such as IgA and IgM antibodies in patients with Graves’ disease. Patients and methods: Anticardiolipin and rheumatoid factor were measured in sera of 84 patients (29 male, 55 female) with evidence of Graves’ disease and 41 healthy individuals (15 male, 26 female) with negative history of hyperthyroidism and other autoimmune diseases. Results: Mean level of anti cardiolipin antibody (ACLA) in patients and control groups were 0.192±0.11 and 0.087±0.200 optical density (OD) respectively. The level of IgM-Rhematoid factor (IgM-RF) of patients and healthy control groups was the same, whereas the mean IgA-RF levels in patients was significantly lower than control group. Conclusion: Anticardiolipin level in different studies showed various results which may be due to genetic backgrounds. Lower level of IgA-RF may also be due to environmental factors, which stimulate specific lymphocytes that producing this type of antibodies.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 6-9. Keywords · Anticardiolipin antibody · Rheumatoid factor · Graves’ disease
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40065_ec2efca57607e50b821b1505186c13c5.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
10
15
40068
Original Article(s)
Immunogens of Brucella Abortus S19 Identified By Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Immunoblotting
A. Mostafaie
amostafaie@kums.ac.ir
1
J Abdolalizadeh
2
B Nomanpour
3
R. Karimi
4
Y. Bahrami
5
Background: Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and several antigenic proteins of Brucella have been considered for preparation of diagnostic reagents and subunit vaccines. The objective of this study was to identify and compare immunogens of B. abortus S19 which induce humoral immune responses in human, goat and rabbit. Material and Methods: The bacterial whole cell extract was prepared in extraction buffer and resolved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The resolved antigens were reacted against human, goat and rabbit sera using western blotting. Results: At least 19, 14 and 16 immunogenic proteins were recognized in western blotting with human, goat and rabbit sera, respectively. The most abundant proteins of the bacterium with immunogenic properties in goat and rabbit but not in human, were a group of 5-6 proteins with molecular masses of 32-34 KDa and isoelectric point (pI) ranging from 4.5 to 5.7. In contrast, a group of 5 proteins with molecular weight of 45 KDa and pI in the range of 4.5 to 5.4 as well as several low molecular weight proteins were immunogenic in human. Furthermore several proteins of Brucella had similar reactions against all sera. Conclusion: These results showed that some of the antigenic proteins of Brucella could be candidates for more accurate diagnosis of Brucellosis in humans and domestic animals.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 10-15. Keywords ● Brucella abortus ● Two dimensional gel electrophoresis ● Immunoblot ● Immunogens
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40068_921c101a5109de8b03b0d2a5343b0b42.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
16
20
40070
Original Article(s)
Cerebellar Giant Synaptosomes: a Model to Study Basal and Stimulated Release of [3H]gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
S.M. Hosseini
asgari@bmsu.ac.ir
1
A. Asgari
2
H.A. Mehrani
3
A. Khoshbaten
4
Background: Neurotransmitter release is an essential link in cell communication of the nervous system. Many investigations have focused on gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurotransmission, because it has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several central nervous system disorders. To bypass complications related to homo- and heterosynaptic modulation and to avoid indirect interpretations of data, we herein describe a simple approach for direct measurement of GABA release. Material and Methods: Giant synaptosomes originated from nerve terminals of rat cerebellum mossy fibers were prepared for the study. Electron micrographs as well as lactate dehydrogenase assay are used for morphological and biochemical verifications. Giant synaptosomes were preloaded with labeled [3H]GABA. Spontaneous and stimulated release of [3H]GABA was measured using a superfusion apparatus. Stimulation was evoked by increasing exteracellular concentration of K+ ions. Results: Spontaneous [3H]GABA release had a constant and nearly linear kinetics. [3H]GABA outflow evoked by depolarizing solution containing 15 mM of K+ showed 2-3 fold increases over the basal release. The same effect was also reproducible after several minutes. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that this preparation could be used as a suitable and versatile in vitro model to study GABA release from axon terminals under basal and evoked conditions.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 16-20. Keywords ● Synaptosome ● Neurotransmitter release ● Cerebellum ● GABA
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40070_ba1ba3545a0d723241b4b0b9ef0ffdb1.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
21
23
40071
Original Article(s)
The Impact of Fasting during the Holy Month of Ramadan on Incidence of Acute Appendicitis
A. Davoodabadi
dawoodabadi_a@yahoo.com
1
H. Akbari
2
A. Rasoulinejad
3
Background: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan (fasting) for Muslims is a religious duty. The impact of fasting on some diseases has been reported in medical literature. This study evaluated the effects of fasting on appendicitis. In this population-based descriptive study, we investigated whether the incidence of acute appendicitis differs during fasting compared to other non fasting lunar months. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients with pathologically documented diagnosis of acute appendicitis attending our surgery department during three consecutive Hijri years, from November 5, 2000 to December 4, 2002. The annual incidence of acute appendicitis was compared between three months, before, during and after Ramadan. Results: The total number of documented appendicitis were 414, 423 and 407 for three consecutive years of 2000 to 2002 (1421 to 1423, Islamic lunar years) respectively. The overall incidence of acute appendicitis in people aged from 15 to 70 years was 171.53/100,000 per year. Compared with the mean monthly occurrence of appendicitis, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of appendicitis was found during Ramadan, whereas, the frequency of acute appendicitis increased significantly in the month following Ramadan (p<0.001). Conclusion: The incidences rate of acute appendicitis was significantly lower in the holy month of Ramadan, which was most likely due to the fasting. Bowel resting could reduce the risk of appendicitis but more investigation is recommended.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 21-23. Keywords ● Acute appendicitis ● Fasting ● Ramadan
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40071_f5cdf33527e118bf99d15209ce71f31b.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
24
27
40072
Original Article(s)
Stereological Study on the Neurons of Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion in Diabetic Rats
A. Noorafshan
1
M. Azizi
2
E. Aliabadi
3
S. Karbalay-Doust
4
Background: Most research on autonomic dysfunction of diabetes mellitus is conducted on ganglions innervating gastrointestinal (GI) tract and there are limited works focusing on cervical sympathetic ganglia. The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the neurons of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCSG) are investigated by stereological methods. Material and Methods: Female rats (n=72) randomly divided into DM (blood glucose =400-600 mg/dl) and control (n=36) groups. Rats were sacrificed at 4-, 8- and 12-weeks of induction of DM (65 mg/kg streptozotocin, ip). The same procedure followed chronologically in control group. SCSG of both groups were removed, fixed, and embedded in cylindrical blocks. Isotropic uniform random sections obtained and stained. The mean particle volume (according to the method of volume-weighted mean particle estimation) of the perikarya and nuclei of ganglion cells (neurons) were estimated using the point-sample intercepts method. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean perikaryal and nuclear volumes of DM and control rats after 4-, 8- and 12-weeks. There was, however, a significant increase in the mean volume of perikarya and nuclei of the neuronal cells of DM rats at 8- and 12-weeks diabetes as compared with those of 4-weeks. Conclusion: The mean volume of SCSG and their nuclei were not significantly reduced after 4-, 8-and 12-weeks in DM rats and these cells continued their normal growth.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 24-27. Keywords ● Diabetes mellitus ● Stereology ● Autonomic ganglia
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40072_bccd19e2182a8b5be5376038608c9b3f.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
28
33
40073
Original Article(s)
Indication of Anti-HBc Antibody Screening and HBV-DNA Detection in Diagnosing Latent Hepatitis B Virus Infection
A. Behzad-Behbahani
1
A. Mafi-Nejad
2
S.Z. Tabei
3
K.B. Lankarani
4
M. Rashidi
5
M. Rasouli
6
B. Pourabbas
7
A. Torab
8
A.R. Salah
9
Background: In spite of available, and sensitive screening assay for detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), occasional cases of post-transfusion hepatitis B virus infection are still observed. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of positive anti hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) and presence of HBV-DNA in serum sample of healthy blood donors negative for both HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody. We evaluated whether anti-HBc could be adopted as a screening assay for blood donation. Material and Methods: Two thousands sera negative for both HBsAg and anti-HCV collected from healthy blood donors tested for presence of anti-HBc antibody. All sera positive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for determination of anti-HBc and anti-HBs titers, HbeAg and anti-HBe antibody by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Every sample that tested negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc alone or in combination with other serological markers was also examined for the presence of HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Out of 2000 HBsAg negative blood samples, 131 samples (6.55%) were positive for anti-HBc. HBV-DNA was detected in 16 of 131(12.2%) anti-HBc positive specimens. The liver function test results were all in normal range except in 4 (25%) of 16 HBV-DNA positive subjects. Conclusion: Anti-HBc antibody should be tested routinely on blood donor volunteers, and if the sera become positive regardless of anti-HBs titer, the blood should be discarded. Further testing for HBV-DNA is appropriate to follow up the blood donor patient for HBV infection.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 28-33. Keywords ● hepatitis B virus infection ● blood donors ● Iran ● anti-HBc ● HBV-DNA
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40073_b0a8f29b03a39407dc4f85b22d62a03e.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
34
37
40061
Brief Report(s)
Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual X-ray, Axial Dual-energy Photon X-ray Absorptiometry and Laser Absorptiometry of Calcaneus
B. Forogh
bijhanfr@yahoo.com
1
A. Ghasemzadeh
2
A. Salimzadeh
3
The objective of this study was to validate the use of bone mineral measurements of the calcaneus bone by dual X-ray and laser (DXL) in a cross-sectional study carried out in an osteoporosis clinic. Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) at proximal femur and spine were obtained by dual-energy photon X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Osteoporosis was defined by a DEXA T-score <-2.5 at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistics for DXL were calculated, assuming the DEXA measurement as the gold-standard. The study included 475 women with a mean age of 54±11.9 years. 15% had osteoporosis while 39% were osteopenic (-2.5<T-score between<-1) at the femoral neck or spine. A significant correlation (p<0.001) was found between BMD values as measured by DXL at femoral neck and DEXA at the lumbar spine. Assuming the same T-score cut-off value for the diagnosis osteoporosis and a modified cut-off value for the diagnosis of osteopenia (-2.5<T-score<-1.5), yields a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 74% to 86% for the DXL device. In conclusion, BMD measured at the calcaneal bone by DXL, has a good correlation with that measured by axial DEXA.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 34-37. Keywords ● Bone mineral densitometry ● Calcaneus ● Osteoporesis
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40061_42f494c533aa1cfe5472b47195bec527.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
38
40
40062
Glomerular Disorder of Unknown Etiology in a Child with Unusual Course
M.H. Fallahzadeh
peddept@sums.ac.ir
1
S.M. Owji
2
A 3-year-old girl was presented with periorbital edema, hypertension, proteinuria, and hematuria. She recovered clinically after 9 days with normal urinalysis. During the follow-up, she developed recurrent episodes of nephrotic syndrome. The kidney biopsy revealed mild mesangial proliferation and a low dose of prednisolone could effectively control the disease.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 38-40. Keywords ● Glomerulonephritis ● Nephrotic syndrome ● C3
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40062_298ee1e0146553a60c9bd1c6066eb47a.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
41
44
40063
High-Output Heart Failure Due to an Iliac Arterio-Venous Fistula in Mycotic Aneurysm
SK Forouzan-Nia
drforouzan-nia@yahoo.com
1
SM Sadrbafghi
2
M Emami Meybodi
3
S Zare
4
Herein, we report a patient with arterio-venous fistula secondary to mycotic aneurysm, causing high output heart failure. The patient had one-year history of refractory heart failure and recurrent pulmonary edema. This presentation is a good example of curative surgically treatable cause of high-output congestive heart failure.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 41-44. Keywords ● Arterio-venous fistula ● Mycotic aneurysm ● Heart failure
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40063_a3f16c6a0549fcadc5bcd8c4b469fe5b.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
45
47
40066
Giant Endobronchial Inflammatory Polyp
M Sokouti
1
F Ghavam
2
V Montazeri
3
Inflammatory endobronchial polyp is a rare disease mostly encountered in asthmatic patients. Chronic airway and foreign material irritation or thermal injury may result in the formation of granulated tissues and become polypoid mass. Herein, we describe a 52-year-old man with severe respiratory distress and infection with 35 years history of smoking. He had an obstructive pattern in his pulmonary function tests and severe bronchiectasis of right lower lobe that responded well to lobectomy with polypectomy. Pathologic examination revealed large endobronchial polyp 9x2 cm obstructing right and left bronchi and right lower lobe bronchiectasis. Such large inflammatory endobronchial polyp has rarely been presented in literature.Iran J Med Sci 2005; 30(1): 45-47. Keywords ● Bronchus ● Endobronchial ● inflammatory polyp
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40066_8d0c289bdb99aa553563d796b41375a0.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
48
40064
Letter(s) to the Editor
Administration of Magnesium Sulfate to Women with Premature Labor: The Effect on Bleeding Time
H. Mansouri Torghabeh
1
Dear Editor, I read with interest the article by Yazdani, M, et al, on the administration of magnesium sulfate to women with premature labor and its effect on the bleeding time, published in the Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.1I found it interesting but I would like to make some points regarding to this study:There are several methods for the measurement of bleeding time (BT). Those include Dock method, Ivy's method and standard method by Template.2 Although, the measurement of BT was the main outcome of the study, the authors did not mention the method used.The concentration of hemoglobin has been measured 6–22 hrs after delivery. In normal delivery, on average, the patient may have about 600 ml blood loss which is significant. In hemorrhagic episodes, to prevent the falsely high reading of hemoglobin caused by hemo-concentrations, it should be measured at least 24 hrs after the bleeding has stopped.3 Whereas, in this study hemoglobin was measured earlier. Author’s Reply In reply to the above-mentioned questions, I have to declare that:In this study we measured the bleeding time by Ivy’s method. Unfortunately, the technique was omitted in the revised version.The maximum blood loss in a normal delivery is almost 500 ml, according to the William’s obstetrics textbook. In this study, it was between 150 to 350 ml. Hemoglobin concentration is routinely measured 6 to even 26 hrs after delivery. Although, it may have minimal effects on the result, it is unlikely to cause a significant effect on the bleeding time. M. Yazdani MD,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,SchoolofMedicine,ShirazUniversityof Medical Sciences,Shiraz, Iran.Tel: +98 711 6286637Fax: +98 711 2332365E-mail: yazdanim@sums.ac.ir
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40064_ef9bd2f973910401059ad026af7663b2.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
49
40067
Letter(s) to the Editor
Association of hyperhomocysteinemia with coronary artery disease in southern Iran
J Golbahar
jamalgolbahar@hotmail.com
1
Dear Editor, In response to the criticisms regarding the article entitled; “association of hyperhomocysteinemia with coronary artery disease in Southern Iran”, published in Iran J Med Sci,1 we still believe the methodology used in this study was a case control design as the cases where chosen on the basis of outcome (coronary artery disease) and the controls were individuals without the disease or outcome. In this study the individual affected by coronary artery disease were compared with a control group of unaffected individuals. The history of both cases and controls were analyzed to identify the characteristic and risk associated with hyperhomocystenemia present in the cases. Regarding the relative risk terminology we agree with the critics that perhaps the “estimate or approximate relative risk” would have been a better terminology to use in this case control study rather than relative risk.We also agree with the critics that cohort study would have been a better option but the estimate relative risk derived from the case control studies often agree with those obtained from the cohort studies.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40067_5b97a7ef4433db796e14fc0b4f408c69.pdf
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
0253-0716
1735-3688
2005-03-01
30
1
50
40069
Letter(s) to the Editor
Side effects of Intrauterine Device in Breast and Bottle Feeding Mothers
R Mohammadi
1
S Ghorbani
2
A Malakzadegan
3
H Haghani
4
Dear Editor, Implementing health and family planning programs is the most effective way for birth control. Intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective long-acting contraceptive mean.1 Considering little side effects and good compatibility of IUD to physiologic hormonal alterations occurring during breast feeding, the device is an acceptable contraceptive mean in nursing mothers.2In spite of its advantages, there are reports on side effects of IUD during breast-feeding.3,4 Considering these controversies, we decided to examine the side effects of IUD in breast feeding and non-breast feeding mothers.All women who attended our center between 1996 and 1998, for insertion of IUD (n=731), were enrolled into this study. Out of 731 women, 45.8% aged between 20 and 24 years (mean±SD: 27.8±6.6), and 40.1% had elementary education. Most of them were housewives and 61.7% were breast-feeding mothers. Pain (1.8%), early bleeding (1.1%) and symptoms of vasovagal shock (7%) were recorded as early side effects in breast feeding mothers. Vaginitis (43.7%), inter-menstrual spotting (23.4%), cervicitis (22.2%), menorrhagia (13.3%) and unwanted pregnancy (0.7%) was the late side effects.There was a significant correlation between IUD side effects, such as irregular menstruation bleeding (12.6%; p=0.023), menorrhagia (13.3%; p=0.001), hypermenorrhea (13.7%; p=0.001), and cervicitis (22.2%; p=0.005) with breast feeding. Stanback, et al, and Chen, et al, showed that nursing mothers in comparison with non-breast feeding mothers, suffered more from longer menstruation and irregular bleeding,4,5 Thonneau, et al, on the other hand, stressed that the amount of menstruation bleeding among breast feeding mothers was lower than non-breast feeding mothers.6 According to our findings, the frequency of IUD side effects in breast feeding period is comparable to those in non-beast feeding period which is a sign of IUD safety in breast feeding period.According to our findings, we therefore, suggest that IUD placement should be done with proper and careful screening. Altering of observation methods, screening, regular check-up of samples, proper managerial strategies and enforcement of educational programs are among suggestions of this research for improvement of IUD use during the breast feeding period.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40069_e970029c66fe820f42506d50d92fab89.pdf