ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Management of Blunt Trauma to the Spleen (Part 2)
Spleen is the most frequently-injured solid organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Considering its important role in providing immunity and preventing infection by a variety of mechanisms, every attempt should be made to salvage the traumatized spleen at any age particularly in children. After primary resuscitation, mandatory requirements for non-operative management include absence of homodynamic instability, lack of associated major organ injury, and admission in the intensive care unit for high-grade splenic injury and in the ward for milder types with close monitoring. About two-thirds of the patients would respond to non-operative management. In most patients, the failure of non-operative measures usually occurs within 12 hours of management. Determinant role of abdominal sonography or computed tomography, and in selected cases, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, for appropriate decision cannot be overemphasized. However, the high status of clinical judgment would not be replaced by any paraclinical investigations. When operation is unavoidable, if possible, spleen saving procedures such as splenorrhaphy or partial splenectomy should be tried. In cases of total splenectomy, auto-transplantation, preferably in the omental pouch, may lead to the return of immunity, at least partially, to prevent or reduce the chance of subsequent infection. Although total splenectomy with autograft is immunologically superior to total splenectomy-only procedure, the patients should also be protected by vaccination and daily antibiotic for certain period of time. The essential steps for the prevention of overwhelming infection after total splenectomy are not only immunization and administration of daily antibiotic for up to 5 years of age or one year in older children, but also include education and information about this dangerous complication. When non-operative management is successful, the duration of activity restriction in weeks is almost equal to the grade of splenic injury plus 2.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39772_3dbb1501b836546560d134109ede6ce9.pdf
2010-09-01
169
189
Trauma
Spleen
autograft
infection
Nonoperative management
Seyed Abbas
Banani
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence of Trichomoniasis in High-Risk Behavior Women Attending the Clinics of Tehran Province Penitentiaries
Background: Trichomoniasis is a worldwide sexually transmitted disease (STD), and is associated with important public health problems, including enhancement of HIV transmission. The prevalence of the parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, depends on host factors such as age, sexual activity, number of sexual partners and sexual behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in high-risk behavior women, such as drug addicts and those who had multiple sexual partners, attending Gynecology Clinics in penitentiaries of Tehran province to help gynecologists with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: Samples of posterior vaginal fornix discharges and urines of 450 women attending Gynecology Clinics of three prisons in Tehran province were collected. All samples were examined by direct smear and cultured in TYI-S-33 culture media. Results: 10.2% of subjects were positive for trichomoniasis. 82.7% of infected patients were symptomatic individuals who complained of vaginal discharge and itching and/or burning sensation. Most of the infected women in the high risk behavior group were drug users (54.3%). Physical examination showed that 50% of T. vaginalis positive subjects had a normal appearance of vagina and cervix. The peak prevalence (32.8%) of the disease occurred in the age range of 31-40 years. Conclusion: T. vaginalis infection is commonly associated with other STDs, and is a marker of high-risk sexual behavior. Due to the side effects of the drugs used to treat the infection, it is suggested that the treatment be performed after definite diagnosis using a diagnostic method with a higher sensitivity.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39773_d23f6ac6dbc4d841bf11ef83fc944923.pdf
2010-09-01
190
194
Trichomoniasis
Prisoners
Sexually transmitted diseases
diagnosis
Zarrintaj
Valadkhani
valad.zarrin@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Assmar
mehdiassmar@yahoo.com
2
AUTHOR
Nayerreh
Hassan
3
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Aghighi
4
AUTHOR
Aref
Amirkhani
5
AUTHOR
Faegheh
Kazemi
6
AUTHOR
Iraj
Esmaili
7
AUTHOR
Mina
Samandar
8
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Moradynasab
9
AUTHOR
Touran
Sabzali
10
AUTHOR
Nasim
Dastpak
11
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Responsibility Attitudes in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients: The Contributions of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and Worry
Background: Obsessive patients are distressed by intrusive thoughts, which are related to unreal threats. These patients feel that they are responsible for harming themselves and others. While controlling worry and meta-cognitive beliefs, the present study aimed at comparing the responsibility attitudes in obsessive compulsive patients with those in normal subjects to determine whether the difference in responsibility attitudes between two groups was significant. Methods: A group of 15 patients were compared with normal subjects (n=15) who matched the patient group in terms of gender, age and education. All subjects filled the Responsibility Attitude Scale, the Penn, State Worry Questionnaire and the Meta-cognition Questionnaire -30. The findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as student t and ANCOVA tests. Results: Responsibility attitudes in obsessive patients were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (P<0.001), when patient worries and meta-cognitive beliefs were not controlled. However, after controlling patient's worry and meta-cognitive beliefs there was no significant difference between responsibility attitudes in normal and obsessive–compulsive group. Conclusion: The findings might suggest that responsibility attitude is not strongly related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. It seems that it is a characteristic caused by basic meta-cognitive beliefs, because the relationship between the responsibility and the symptoms was dependent on meta-cognition. Therefore, in studying the etiology and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders focus on the responsibility attitudes alone cannot be very helpful.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39777_ecce7a967ea5e160a17258ac5fbef69b.pdf
2010-09-01
195
200
Obsession-compulsion
Responsibility Attitude
Worry
Changiz
Rahimi
crahimi@hotmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahbobeh
Haghighi
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Two-Step Tuberculin Skin Test between Health-Care Workers and Nonhospital Employees
Background: The tuberculin test is widely used to identify tuberculosis infection. Some individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may have an initial negative skin test reaction to tuberculin. The two step purified protein derivative skin test can decrease misinterpretation of tuberculin test .This study was aimed at comparing the two- step tuberculin skin test and booster phenomenon in health care workers and non hospital employees. Methods: One hundred and eighty five health service employees from Razi University Hospital and 181 non hospital employees were subjected to an initial tuberculin skin test. Those who were negative on the first test underwent a second one 2 weeks later. The reactions to the tests were measured 72 hours later. Tests with an induration of ≥ 10 mm was considered positive. Moreover, second tests with an induration of at least 6 mm increase relative to the relevant first tests were considered positive. Results: Compared to non hospital employees (n=79, 43.6%), a significantly higher number of health care workers (n=113, 61.1%) were positive on the first tuberculin test. 18.5 % of health care workers and 31.5% of non hospital employees demonstrated a boosted reaction after the second tuberculin test. The occurrence of boosted reaction was significantly associated with age both groups. There was no association between the presence of BCG scars and the occurrence of boosted reaction. Conclusion: the present study shows that the prevalence of TB was higher among health care worker than non hospital employees. Moreover, it demonstrated that non hospital employees had a higher age-associated booster reaction to the second tuberculin skin test than health care workers. Therefore, to avoid missing false negative cases, it would be necessary to do a second tuberculin test for subjects with a negative reaction to the initial test, especially in subjects older than 40 years.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39781_8b0c295521cd0569b95f36ec0239a68c.pdf
2010-09-01
201
204
Tuberculosis infection
Tuberculin Test
health care worker
Iraj
Nikokar
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ameneh
Dadgran
2
AUTHOR
Lida
Mafozei
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Procalcitonin as a Marker of Neonatal Sepsis in Intensive Care Units
Background: The appropriateness of using serum levels of procalcotonin (PCT) for early diagnosis of newborn sepsis is still controversial. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the usefulness of PCT with those of serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) counts in the diagnosis and response to treatment of neonatal sepsis. Methods: A total of 47 neonates (1-30 days old) were assigned to two control (n=22) and sepsis (n=25) groups. Blood samples were obtained at the outset and after 7 days of treatment for blood culture, measurement of serum levels of PCT and CRP as well as WBC counts. Data were analyzed using within and between group comparisons. Results: Serum levels of PCT were significantly higher in sepsis group (14.1±18.7 ng/ml) than that in the control group (0.38±0.43 ng/ml). In addition, after 7 days of treatment neonates who had achieved clinical recovery had a significantly lower serum PCT levels (0.26±0.37 ng/ml) than that of the same group at the beginning of the study. At a cut-off value of ≥ 0.8 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value of, and negative predictive value of PCT were 84%, 86%, 86% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that serum levels of PCT might be a more reliable marker of infection than serum levels of CRP, or WBC counts in the early diagnosis and responses to antibiotic therapy of neonatal sepsis.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39783_67ef7de0b7192689fea3e4a40a85444d.pdf
2010-09-01
205
210
Procalcitonin
Sepsis
Neonatal
C-reactive protein
White blood cell count
Mohammed Ibrahim
Aboud
maboud18@yahoo.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maher Mohammed Ali
Waise
2
AUTHOR
Louai Abedalarazak
Shakerdi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tip Graft and Columellar Strut Using Dorsal Osseocartilaginous Hump
Background: Although, different grafts are used for nasal tip plasty in cases with under projected or ill defined tip, the selection of a graft material, which provides sufficient amount of tissue with least donor site morbidity and low recipient site complication is challenging. The objectives of the present study were to examine the usefulness of cartilaginous dorsum as a proper material for tip graft, and to introduce the cartilaginous dorsum as an acceptable material for columellar strut. Methods: Fifty six (18 males and 38 females) patients were operated for augmentation tip plasty and hump reduction from 2004 to 2008. The tailored cartilaginous or ostecartilaginous dorsum was used as a tip graft or columellar strut in 35 and 21 cases, respectively. The cartilaginous framework was exposed using open or close rhinoplasty approach in 41 and 15 cases, respectively. The patients were followed for 12- 36 months. Cosmetic outcomes and patients' satisfaction were obtained using qualitative measures. Results: The percentage of patients with very improved, improved, unchanged or unacceptable aesthetic outcome were 39.29%, 50%, 3.57% and 7.14%, respectively. Moreover, the percentages of very satisfied, satisfied, indifferent and unsatisfied patients were 66%, 18%, 9%, and 7%, respectively. Conclusion: The procedure provides a well-defined nasal tip with no evidence of bifidity, angularity, or cartilage graft visibility and displacement. The use of dorsal osteocartilaginous graft offers outstanding advantages including ease of harvest, mould, fix, and low resorption.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39785_3eecca4d4ff98913fe7946c9d36132c4.pdf
2010-09-01
211
215
Rhinoplasty
Graft
Cartilage
Ebrahim
Karimi
1
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Bakhshaee
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and in vitro Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Pulp Tissue of Human Third Molar Tooth
Background: It is still controversial that the stem cells isolated from human dental pulp meets the criteria for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not they are MSCs, or are distinct stem cells population residing in tooth pulp. Methods: Adherent fibroblastic cells in the culture of pulp tissue from human third molars were propagated through several successive subcultures. Passaged-3 cells with a tendency to differentiate into odontoblastic cells were used to examine the key properties of MSCs including typical tripotent differentiation potential into bone, cartilage and adipose cell lineages and the expression of typical surface antigens. Moreover, they were examined for growth capacity in culture. Results: Dental pulp stem cells successfully progressed towards differentiation among three skeletal cell lineages. More than 90% of the cell population exhibited the expression of surface antigens known to be found on mesenchymal lineages such as CD105, CD90, CD44, and CD73, while only less than 2% expressed endothelial-hematopoietic epitopes including CD56, CD11b, CD34, CD31, CD33, and CD45. The cells exhibited a relatively high proliferation capacity with population doubling time of about 21.9 hours. Conclusion: The dental pulp stem cells are of MSC population, and may be considered suitable for use in regenerative medicine, owing to their relatively rapid rate of in vitro propagation.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39786_273577828d1c310e75452377993b201f.pdf
2010-09-01
216
225
Dental pulp
odontoblast
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Proliferation
Mohamadreza
Baghaban Eslaminejad
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Nazarian
2
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Shariati
3
AUTHOR
Sourena
Vahabi
4
AUTHOR
Fahimeh
Falahi
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Medical Publications (2002-2009) of Islamic Countries; A Medline-Based Study Compared To Non-Islamic Countries
Background: The number of scientific publication by a country is an important indication of its science generation and development. The aim of this study was to compare the publications in medical sciences of Islamic countries from 2002-2009 with those of a number of developed countries. Methods: The PubMed and CIA World Fact Book were used to extract the number of publications and socioeconomic status of target countries, respectively. The number of publications, publications per million population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population below poverty line (PBP) and type of publications of the countries were compared. Results: The publications of Islamic countries increased from 6906 in 2002 to 21656 in 2009. There was a positive correlation between GDP per capita and publication per million. However, publication productivity did not decrease significantly with the increase of PBP. Turkey and Iran were top two among Islamic countries in terms of the number of publications and growth of the rate of scientific publication, respectively. Islamic countries do lag behind developed countries in terms of the number of publication and the rate of growth. Conclusion: There is a wide gap between developed and Islamic countries and among Islamic countries themselves in terms of the number and the rate of growth of publication in medical sciences.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39787_745b68b19409caea0148a1a4cd86acd4.pdf
2010-09-01
226
235
publication
research type
gross domestic product
Esmaeil
Habibi
ismaeilhabibi@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zohreh
Mirhosseini
2
AUTHOR
Mousa
Majidi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Patients Using PCR- Restriction Frag-ment Length Polymorphism and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis
One of the major opportunistic pathogens in patients with burn injuries is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes severe infections in burned patients. The objective of the study was to examine the molecular epidemiology of P. aeruginosa colonization in the burn unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were employed to study 127 clinical and two environmental P. aeruginosa isolates collected from January to June 2008. In RFLP, the PCR products of 16S rRNA gene were digested with restriction enzyme Alu I, Hae III, and Rsa I, and the fragments generated were analyzed by agarose electrophoresis. Molecular typing by RFLP did show no discriminatory power for P. aeruginosa isolates, but RAPD-PCR revealed eight different genotypes; RAPD1to RAPD8 in clinical and environmental isolates. RAPD1 was the major genotype in clinical (n=64, 50.4%) and environmental isolates (n=1, 50%). The findings suggest that RAPD might have a superior typeability and discriminatory power over RFLP to study P. aeruginusa. Moreover, they highlight the need for further attention to the control of infection sources in Burn Units to prevent the transmission of the bacterium.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39774_e446e9ab4e91f5d9164aaeda1c548481.pdf
2010-09-01
236
241
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
RFLP
RAPD
Burn
Hassan
Salimi
powlia@gmail.com
1
AUTHOR
Parviz
Owlia
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bagher
Yakhchali
3
AUTHOR
Abdolaziz
Rastegar Lari
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Management of Laryngotracheal and Tracheobronchial Injuries
Laryngotracheal and tracheobronchial injuries are uncommon, and their successful diagnosis and management often require a high level of expertise. This paper aimed at retrospective analysis of a thoracic surgeon's experience in the diagnosis and management of traumatic injuries to the larynx, trachea and major bronchi. Forty one patients with major airway trauma were managed from March 1994 to November 2008. Their demographic characteristics including age, gender, mechanisms and locations of injuries, associated other organ injuries as well as surgical airway managements and the outcomes were recorded. Seven patients had re-implantation of the main bronchus, and one patient had a repair of the right upper lobe bronchus with concomitant bilobectomy. In cases of tracheal injury, 16 patients had a primary repair of trachea. However, seven patients with tracheal injury first conservative approaches, but 4 of them were later subjected to sleeve resection of trachea. In patients with laryngotracheal injuries, and in a patient with thermal injury, Montgomery T-Tube was used with or without repair and/or reconstruction. Four patients died, but no significant morbidity was seen in others. The analysis of the cases suggests that laryngotracheal and tracheobronchial injuries require early correct diagnosis, skillful management, and prompt individualized surgical airway repair.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39778_4b46eb84296d23aeae461618da396b07.pdf
2010-09-01
242
247
Trauma
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Intubation
Hamid Reza
Davari
davarih@sums.ac.ir
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Leukemic Infiltration of the Appendix as an Unusal Site of Extramedulary Relapse: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
The appendix is an unusual site for extramedulary relapse in acute leukemia. The present case report describes two cases of late course acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with leukemic infiltration of the appendix and complete remission of bone marrow. The signs and symptoms of the cases suggest that leukemic involvement of the appendix should be considered in the differential diagnosis of leukemia patients presenting with acute abdomen.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39775_4cb5f7064771ad52a76efb370627edd3.pdf
2010-09-01
248
250
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Appendix
Appendicitis
Mahdi
Shahriari
shahryar@sums.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Bordbar
bordbarm@sums.ac.ir
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bita
Geramizadeh
geramib@sums.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
Mehran
Karimi
karimim@sums.ac.ir
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sinonasal Hemangiopericytoma: A Case Re-port
Hemangiopericytoma is a vascular tumor that is rarely seen in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Biological behavior of these tumors is not completely known, and their natural history is not predictable. This case report presents a patient with a sinonasal hemangiopericytoma. Diagnosis and management of these uncommon tumors is discussed.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39779_c17d89444317478098ad28bd4855b71e.pdf
2010-09-01
251
253
Nasal sinonasal
hemangiopericytoma
Aliasghar
Peyvandi
aliapeyvandi@yahoo.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bijan
Naghibzadeh
2
AUTHOR
Navid
Ahmady Roozbahany
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
T-Cell Lymphoma of Palate with Nose and Maxillary Sinus Involvement: A Case Report
Oral cavity T-cell lymphoma occurs rarely. This case report describes a patient with such a tumor. The case was a 75 years old man presented with a painless swelling on his hard palate mucosa. He had suffered from nose- bleeding and nasal obstruction. Pathology revealed the presence of a T-cell lymphoma tumor in the palate. Though rare, the signs and symptoms of the case suggest that T-cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity lesions.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39782_cbc4c896349abd7c1d50d8be537e6360.pdf
2010-09-01
254
258
T-cell
Lymphoma
palate
Nose
maxillary sinus Introd
Zohreh
Dalirsani
zdalirsani@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nooshin
Mohtasham
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolated Primary Hydatid Disease of Omentum; Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Hydatid disease, most commonly caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, affects mainly human liver and lung, and rarely other parts of the body. It is prevalent in most sheep-raising Mediterranean Countries including Iran. Peritoneal hydatid cyst, either primary or secondary, represents an uncommon but significant manifestation of the disease. The present case report describes a case of primary isolated hydatid disease of omentum, which to our knowledge constitutes the first case of this kind in Iran.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39784_e9f83d8a2479384db4799a24ab653067.pdf
2010-09-01
259
261
Hydatid
Echinococcus
primary
Omentum
Ali
Ghafouri
aghafouri@sina.tums.ac.ir
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shirzad
Nasiri
nasirishirzad@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Shojaee Far
3
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Mobayen
4
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Tahamtan
khazraee@sums.ac.ir
5
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Nazari
nazaripsycho@yahoo.com
6
AUTHOR
Zeinab
Gharib Doost
7
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rhazes and the First Clinically Exact Descrip-tion of Hay Fever (Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis)
Even though, the term 'allergy' first appeared in the medical literature in 1906, allergic diseases such as asthma, urticaria and eczema have been known for centuries, and their history dates back to antiquity.1 In the Middle Ages, 'rose fever' was a well-known entity with symptoms similar to hay fever.2The first description of the clinical symptoms of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) is attributed to a British physician, Dr. John Bostock (1773-1846).3 Later, Dr Donald stated that his own 'catarrh' of sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion occurred only during the summer.4 In 1828, "he realized that his symptoms was associated with the cutting of hay, and deduced that his problems were in some way related to substances emanating from hay. He thus coined the term 'hay fever''.4Based on Persian historical evidence, Mohammad Zakariyay-e-Razi correctly explained the hay fever (seasonal nasal allergy) in the 10th century CE. Razi (865-925 CE), known as Rhazes in the west, was a renowned Iranian physician.5 He was one of the most illustrious physicians of Iran's “Golden Age of Medicine” from 9th to 14th centuries.6 Razi was born in Ray, near Tehran, the present capital of Iran. He learned and practiced medicine relatively late in his life.7 Razi gave the first accurate description of smallpox and measles. He published his experience in medicine in a 22-volume book called 'Kitab al-Hawi', the Comprehensive Book of Medicine. The book, written in Arabic first, was translated into Latin in 1297 CE. It was known as Liber Continens in Europe, and regarded as a classic textbook in European academic centers until seventeenth century.7 Razi's Clinical Description of Hay FeverIn al-Hawi, Razi discussed various aspects of diseases including ear, nose, and throat disorders.8 The book contains 33 clinical case reports, one of which (No. 29) describes a patients with severe hay fever, who developed joint pain after recovery.9 Moreover, Razi explained the hay fever symptoms in a paper for Abou Zayd Balhki. Abou Zayd Ahmad Sahl-e Balhki (850-934CE) was most likely Razi’s philosophy teacher. In the paper titled,5 "an article on the Reason why about Zayd Balhki suffers from rhinitis when smelling roses in spring", he discussed clearly the main symptoms of hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis such as stuffed nose, nasal itching, sneezing and runny nose. He also gave interesting recommendations for the prevention of seasonal nasal allergy including avoiding exposure to smoke, strong perfumes, saffron, and flowers such as roses and sweet basil. He also mentioned that allergy might cause hoarseness, cough and shortness of breath, which are currently known as allergic laryngitis and allergic asthma. In addition, Razi pointed out that hay fever might be aggravated in spring.5 Razi also suggested the treatment modalities for hay fever in his book titled Qarabadyn (pharmacopoeia).10 In another book, named Tebb al-Mansouri (the Medical Book of Mansouri), he devoted a section to the prevention of coryza (Zokam) and catarrh (Nazleh).10 Two manuscripts of Razi's article on hay fever are available; one at Oxford Library, UK (Ms. No. 461) and the other in Malek Library, Tehran, Iran (Ms. No. 4573).11Speaking in modern historical sense, the term ''allergy" was coined by von Pirquet.12 The Oxford Word Histories indicates that there is a "notion of something" in the word of allergy. Moreover, the "Alien" present in allergy come from the German word of Allergie, and Greek word of "Allos", which means other.13 In 1869, Dr .Charles Blakely (1820-1900) performed the first pollen skin test on himself in England.1 Then, in 1911, Sir Henry Dale identified the role of histamine in an allergic reaction.14 Subsequently, in 1948 chlorcyclizine hydrochloride (Histanin), a new antihistaminic drug, was used for the treatment of hay fever patients.15 In the late 1980s, the production of purified recombinant allergens ushered a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases16 At present, we know more about allergy, and according to Dr. Weir "the greater understating of the immunology and function of nose has expanded the knowledge of allergy, and has led to a more conservative nasal surgery".17While the investigations about allergy continue, the scientific contributions of the pioneering scholars such as Rhazes to the field should not be ignored.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39776_4534cb01e72cd372491d0c692c82e99a.pdf
2010-09-01
262
263
Mohammad Hossein
Azizi
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Case of Imported Plasmodium Ovale from Iran
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39780_737661e32b8a1ffddcb8e983ea0299c3.pdf
2010-09-01
264
265
Mehdi
Nateghpour
mh_jam@yahoo.com
1
AUTHOR
Mahin
Jamshidi Makiani
mahinjamshidi42@gmail.com
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholam
Mohseni
3
AUTHOR
Reza
Safari
4
AUTHOR
Homa
Hajjaran
hhajjaran@yahoo.com
5
AUTHOR
Saeideh
Ataei
6
AUTHOR