ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nosocomial Infections: The Definition Criteria
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39537_945b0a1d1d73f661ea5408d3d9f238be.pdf
2012-06-01
72
73
Mehrdad
Askarian
askariam@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farideh
Kouchak
2
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Organophosphorous Poisonings
Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. Organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in developing worlds including Iran and Sri Lanka. Nerve agents were used during the Iraq-Iran war in 1983-1988 and in a terrorist attack in Japan in 1994-1995. Following decontamination, depending on the severity of intoxication the administration of atropine to counteract muscarinic over-stimulation, and an oxime to reactivate acetyl cholinesterase are indicated. Supportive and intensive care therapy including diazepam to control convulsions and mechanical respiration may be required. Recent investigations have revealed that intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate to produce mild to moderate alkalinization is effective. Gacyclidine; an antiglutamatergic compound, was also proved to be beneficial in conjunction with atropine, pralidoxime, and diazepam in nerve agent poisoning. Intravenous magnesium sulfate decreased hospitalization duration and improved outcomes in patients with organophosphorous poisoning. Bio-scavengers including fresh frozen plasma or albumin have recently been suggested as a useful therapy through clearing of free organophosphates. Hemofiltration and antioxidants are also suggested for organophosphorous poisoning. Recombinant bacterial phosphotriesterases and hydrolases that are able to transfer organophosphorous-degrading enzymes are very promising in delayed treatment of organophosphorous poisoning. Recently, encapsulation of drugs or enzymes in nanocarriers has also been proposed. Given the signs and symptoms of organophosphorous poisoning, health professionals should remain updated about the recent advances in treatment of organophosphorous poisoning poisonings.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39538_b2d58c4dae497d90a69c698d686b6fe9.pdf
2012-06-01
74
91
10.30476/ijms.2012.39538
Organophosphorous
Neurotoxicity
Treatment
atropine
Oxime
Mahdi
Balali-Mood
balalimmahdi@mums.ac.ir
1
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Saber
2
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in the Elderly: A Population Survey in India
Background: The health transition in India reflects the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases. It is well-known that there are significant and meaningful differences in the measured electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters between females and males. Specific to ECG diagnosis and ischemia, reports have indicated a higher number of false positive results in female patients than in male patients. This study was aimed at examining gender difference in the prevalence of ECG abnormality in older people who were free of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its associated risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted in Solapur city using 400 apparently healthy asymptomatic subjects with an age range of 45 to 74 years. A resting 12-lead ECG was recorded in supine position in accordance with classical recommendations. The various ECG abnormalities were defined according to Minnesota code. The findings were analyzed using Chi Square test at PP<0.05.
Results: Out of 400 ECGs recorded, 152 showed abnormalities. The prevalence of ECG abnormalities was significantly (P<0.001) more in males than in females. Major prevalence of ECG abnormalities in males observed were LAD, LVH, sinus bradycardia, LBBB and Q/QS patterns. There was no significant gender difference in the prevalence of other ECG abnormalities.
Conclusion: This study has outlined the overall prevalence of ECG abnormalities in males as well as in females in Solapur city. We found highly significant (P<0.001) increase in the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in males as compare to females.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39539_78722caf9ada4b552d1b8218a6a99bc8.pdf
2012-06-01
92
99
Electrocardiography
gender differences
healthy subjects
Rupali
Sachin Khane
rupalikhane@gmail.com
1
Department of Physiology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anil D.
Surdi
2
Department of Physiology, V.M. Medical College, Solapur, Maharahtra, India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Classification of Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Comparison of Current Definition of Hospital-Acquired Infections and Carrier State Criterion
Background: The rate of nosocomial infection appears to depend on whether it is calculated using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) or carrier state criteria. The objective of this study was to differentiate between primary endogenous (PE), secondary endogenous (SE) and exogenous (EX) infections, and to compare this classification with CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Methods: Children hospitalized for more than 72 h at pediatric intensive care unit during 2004–2005 were enrolled. Children, who had the infection before the admission, and or did not develop an infection within the hospitalization were excluded. Surveillance samples were sampled on admission, and then twice a week. Diagnostic samples were obtained when infection was suspected based on the clinical condition and laboratory findings. Infections were evaluated as PE, SE and EX, and their incidences were compared with CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Results: One hundred seventy eight patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-four patients (24.7%) develop infection. Twenty-seven patients (61.3%) had PE, 10 patients (22.7%) had SE, and 7 patients (15.9%) had EX infection. Secondary endogenous and EX infections are considered as nosocomial, thus 17 patients (38.6%) had a nosocomial infection. Thirty-one patients (70.5%) met CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Seventeen patients (55%) were classified as PE, and 14 patients (45%) as SE or EX infections. Conclusion: Seventy percent of infections (31 out of 44 patients) met the CDC criteria for nosocomial infections, but only 39% of infections (17 out of 44 patients) were classified as nosocomial based on carrier state classification.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39542_529a0371346b67d5b9155525ed15d125.pdf
2012-06-01
100
104
Nosocomial
endogenous
exogenous
infection
children
Jiří
Žurek
1
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Children´s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
LEAD_AUTHOR
Michal
Fedora
2
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Children´s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Value of Touch Preparation for Rapid Diagnosis of Brain Tumors as an Intraoperative Consultation
Background: The touch preparation technique is an accurate and rapid method, and when used as intraoperative consultation examination technique it preserves a good amount of tissue for paraffin embedded sections. This study aimed at examining the accuracy of the touch preparation technique by comparing its diagnosis with that of final pathological diagnosis made by microscopic examinations. Methods: The diagnoses of 139 central nervous system lesions by touch preparation technique and paraffin-embedded sections were compared. Results: Touch preparation technique diagnosed correctly 118 (84%) of the lesions. However, the technique failed to correctly diagnose 12% of the cases. The highest rate of accurate diagnosis (100%) was observed in five types out of 11 types of tumor examined. However, the technique was not able to diagnose hydatid cysts correctly. Conclusion: The findings indicate that touch preparation technique may be useful in diagnosing tumor type during surgical operations. Touch preparation technique is very accurate for intraoperative diagnosis. However, adequate clinical history, neuroimaging details, and the intraoperative impressions of the neurosurgeons, if provided, help the pathologists to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the technique.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39544_ac504e4e05e70e6c7aad198d0b218297.pdf
2012-06-01
105
111
Intraoperative
Central nervous system
Frozen Sections
Tahere
Mazoochi
1
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tahere
Khamechian
jaz_11259@yahoo.com
2
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Alizargar
javad_alizargar@yahoo.com
3
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Case-Control and Case-Only Designs to Investigate Gene-Environment Interactions Using Breast Cancer Data
Background: The traditional methods of studying the gene-environment interactions need a control group. However, the selection of an appropriate control group has been associated with problems. Therefore, new methods, such as case-only design, have been created to study such interactions. The objective of this study was to compare the case-only and case-control designs using data from patients with breast cancer. Methods: The interaction of genetic and environmental factor as well as the ratio of control to population odds ratio was calculated for case-only (300 patients with breast cancer) and case-control (300 cases of breast cancer and 300 matched controls) designs. Results: The confidence intervals and -2log likelihood in all variables in case-only design was smaller than those in the matched case-control design. In case-only design, the standard errors of some variables such as age at menarche, the first delivery at the age of 35 yrs and more or no delivery, the history of having live birth, use of oral contraception pills, breastfeeding history were less than those in the matched case-control design. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the case-only design is an efficient method to investigate the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39545_fed742610ab2d901aae86f0b325a13a7.pdf
2012-06-01
112
118
Case-control
Breast cancer
gene-environment interaction
Rahmatollah
Moradzadeh
moradzadehr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Epidemiology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Hassanzadeh
jhasanzad@sums.ac.ir
2
Deptment of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Rajaee fard
3
Deptment of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Tahmasebi
4
Deptment of General Surgery, Mottahari Clinic, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvaneh
Golmohammadi
5
Department of Epidemiology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Five Volatile Oil Ex-tracts Against Intramacrophage Brucella Abortus 544
Background: Brucella abortus is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that can cause a highly contagious disease in sheep, goats, cattle and one-humped camels. It is responsible for one of the most important zoonosis in human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Mentha piperita, Origanum majorana, Citrus lemon, Cinnamomum verum and Myristica fragrans essential volatile oil extracts on human macrophages infected by B. abortus 544. Methods: Essential volatile oil extracts from M. piperita, O. majorana, C. lemon, C. verum and M. fragrans were extracted. Human macrophages were cultured at a density of 2×105 cells per well in sterile 96-well microtiter plates, and infected with B. abortus 544 at a ratio of 1:100 bacteria/cell. Then essential volatile oil extracts were added at a concentration of 1%. At specified times; cells were washed, lysed with 0.1% Triton, and plated on 2YT agar to determine the number of intracellular bacteria. Results: Cinnamomum verum volatile oil at a concentration of 1% had the highest antibacterial activity against B. abortus 544 inside human macrophages. Its inhibitory effect observed from 24 h and continued till 144 h after the infection. Moreover, C. verum (0.1%) in combination with 1% concentration of M. piperita, O. majorana, C. lemon or M. fragrans volatile oil extracts produced a synergistic inhibitory effect against B. abortus 544. Conclusion: The results indicate that, among the five selected oil extracts, C. verum volatile oil applied either separately or in combination with other oil extracts had the most effective antimicrobial activity against Brucella.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39546_30d4f9838c9223ee166234ca406c87f2.pdf
2012-06-01
119
125
Brucella
macrophages
essential oil extracts
synergistic
Cinnamon
Ayman
Al-Mariri
ascientific1@aec.org.sy
1
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
LEAD_AUTHOR
George
Saour
2
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
AUTHOR
Razan
Hamou
3
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus in Esopha-geal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background: Carcinomas of esophagus, mostly squamous cell carcinomas, occur throughout the world. There are a number of suspected genetic or environmental etiologies. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is said to be a major etiology in areas with high incidence of esophageal carcinoma, while it is hardly detectable in low incidence regions. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases diagnosed in Pathology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: DNA material for PCR amplification of HPV genome was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 92 cases of ESCC, diagnosed during 20 years from 1982 to 2002. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for amplification and detection of common HPV and type specific HPV-16 and HPV-18 genomic sequences in the presence of positive control (HPV-18 and HPV positive biopsies of uterine exocervix) and additional internal controls i.e. beta-globin and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4). Result: Good amplification of positive control and internal controls was observed. However, no amplification of HPV genome was observed. Conclusion: There is no association between HPV infection and the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the cases evaluated.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39547_bed67846f1be113df90de3dc3d43cf25.pdf
2012-06-01
126
133
Squamous cell carcinoma
Esophagus
Human papilloma virus
Polymerase chain reaction
Sadat
Noori
noorisadat@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Monabati
2
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Hematology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasali
Ghaderi
3
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Child with Intestinal Basidiobolomycosis
Fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract are not common in children, especially in immunocompetent ones. In this case report we describe a child who was presented with abdominal pain and mass, bloody diarrhea and fever. He was treated for amebiasis, but due to treatment failure and deterioration of his condition, he underwent a laparatomy. Histologic examination of the excised bowel in the second look revealed Basidiobolomycosis, a fungus belonging to the order Entomophthorales. The signs, symptoms, treatment and diagnosis of the present case indicate that fungal infections must be considered not only in immunocompromised patients with abdominal pain and mass, but also in apparently immunocompetent ones.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39540_d5d36a6247ca5f8a095f3b7321187ea0.pdf
2012-06-01
134
136
Mucormycosis
zygomycosis
Gastrointestinal
Anahita
Sanaei Dashti
1
Depertment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Ward, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Arjmand
2
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollah
Karimi
3
Depertment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Ward, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Kadivar
4
Department of Pathology, Pathology Ward, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immunohistochemistery Study in a Case of Neph-rogenic Adenoma of Bladder
Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign lesion of bladder that may be confused with malignant lesions. There is a strong relation with urinary tract irritation and intravesicle instrumentations. Nephrogenic adenoma was initially thought to originate from urothelial metaplasia; however, no solid proof is available. We present a case of 55-year-old lady with urinary problem. Cystocopic examination showed a sessile mass, and biopsy revealed circumscribed proliferation of tubules, cysts, and papillae that were lined by low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells. Nephrogenic adenoma can be a significant diagnostic pitfall due to the presence of certain histological features such as the presence of enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistery study was strongly positive for CK7, P504S, CD10, and EMA, but negative for CK20, PSA, and P63.
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39543_532c8fa3af8d182ddc125d3f64df16ff.pdf
2012-06-01
137
140
Bladder tumor
Renal Stone
Immunohistochemistry
Mohamad Reza
Farzaneh
1
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetic Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akbar
Safaei
mrfarzaneh@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetic Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Amin Sharifi
3
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Guide Wire J-Tip Technique for Easy Exchange of In Situ Endotracheal Tubes
https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39541_234ed697b536feef5791bf67f72b9dff.pdf
2012-06-01
141
143
Hamid Reza
Eftekharian Jahromi
eftekharianhr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR