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Therapeutic Potentials of MiRNA for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Treatment: A Narrative Review

Articles InPress

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq

4 Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Iraq

5 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

6 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

7 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia

8 Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

9 Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

10.30476/ijms.2024.102910.3622

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis poses a significant obstacle in CRC treatment, as distant metastasis, particularly to the liver, remains the primary cause of mortality. Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) occurs frequently due to the liver’s direct vascular connection to the colorectal region via the portal vein. Standard treatment approaches for CRLM are limited; only a few patients qualify for surgical intervention, resulting in a persistently low survival rate. Additionally, resistance to chemotherapy is common, emphasizing the need for more effective targeted therapies. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating critical pathways associated with CRLM, including tumor invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs exhibit dual functions as tumor suppressors and oncogenes by targeting multiple genes, thus playing a complex role in both the initiation and progression of metastasis. The regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs could help to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRLM, as well as promising therapeutic targets to overcome chemoresistance. Despite numerous studies on miRNA involvement in CRC metastasis, dedicated reviews focusing on miRNAs and CRLM remain scarce. This review aims to approach targeted therapies by examining the current understanding of miRNA involvement in CRLM and exploring their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agents. Through an integrative approach, we aim to provide insights that could transform CRLM management and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords

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Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences

Articles InPress, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 10 March 2025
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  • Received: 24 June 2024
  • Revised: 01 November 2024
  • Accepted: 26 November 2024
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