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Revolutionizing Stem Cell Sorting with Machine Learning: A Review of Trends, Tools, and Future Directions

Articles InPress

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4 Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

5 UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland

6 International Institute for Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA

10.30476/ijms.2025.107395.4197

Abstract

Stem cells are critical tools in regenerative medicine, large-scale cell production, drug discovery, and cell-based therapies, making their precise identification and sorting essential for advancing both research and clinical applications. Accurate stem cell sorting enables improved therapeutic outcomes, efficient production pipelines, and more reliable biological studies. Traditional sorting methods, while effective, face challenges related to speed, scalability, cost, and human error. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques based on image and video processing have revolutionized stem cell sorting by enabling rapid, automated, and highly accurate classification. In addition to visual data approaches, non-visual processing methods using ML have also emerged as powerful tools for stem cell analysis and separation. In this review, various ML-driven strategies for stem cell sorting, with a particular focus on visual and non-visual data processing methodologies and their applications in different stem cell types, have been comprehensively explored and categorized based on the input data types, ML techniques, stem cell types, study objectives, and performance metrics. Furthermore, an overview of the historical development of stem cell sorting technologies and ML applications was introduced, and emerging automated systems, software solutions, start-ups, and future directions for this type of stem cell sorters were discussed.

Highlights

Marziyeh Mousazadeh (Google Scholar)  
Hossein Soltaninejad (Google Scholar)

Keywords

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Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences

Articles InPress, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 01 May 2026
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History
  • Received: 10 June 2025
  • Revised: 30 July 2025
  • Accepted: 15 August 2025
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