Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences

Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Iranian Intensive Care Unit Survivors and Related Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Shahriyar Salehi Tali 1
Shahram Molavynejad 1
Asad Imani 2, 3
Elham Shafiei 4

1 Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

3 Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2026.108012.4269
Abstract
Background: Intensive care unit survivors are discharged with various psychological complications, among which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most significant. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors among Iranian intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.
Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies published in English and Persian from 2000 to 2025. Electronic gateways and databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE via OVID, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Wiley, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar, were searched. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Data were analyzed using STATA software (version 17.0, StataCorp/LC, USA). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and a random-effects model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence. A significant level of P<0.001was considered.
Results: The pooled prevalence of PTSD in Iranian ICU survivors was 36.4% (95% CI: 23.5–48.3; I²=98.75%; P<0.001). The prevalence in Iranian women, 51.47% (95% CI: 45.01–57.92; I²=97.52%), was higher than in Iranian men, 48.53% (95% CI: 42.08–54.99; I²=97.52%). Common related factors included older age, prolonged ICU hospitalization, history of psychiatric disorders, mechanical ventilation, and drug abuse.
Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD among Iranian ICU survivors is relatively high. Identification of associated factors underscores the need for early screening, comprehensive follow-up programs, and targeted psychological interventions, particularly for high-risk populations.

Highlights

Shahriyar Salehi Tali (Google Scholar) 
Asad Imani (Google Scholar) 

Keywords

Post-traumatic stress disorder
Intensive care units
Survivors
Meta-analysis
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Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Volume 51, Issue 10
October 2026
Pages 678-690


  • Received 30 July 2025
  • Revised 05 January 2026
  • Accepted 13 March 2026

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